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    A Brief History of Mars

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    David Pečnik
    1) Mars has gone through different eras over billions of years, starting with a thick atmosphere and oceans in the Pre-Noachian era, followed by periods of volcanism and lakes in the Noachian era and cooling temperatures and locked up water in the Hesperian era, and ending in the cold, dry conditions of today's Amazonian era. 2) The Pre-Noachian and Noachian eras, when Mars had a thicker atmosphere and liquid water on its surface, likely provided conditions most conducive to life. 3) The Noachian era, with warm temperatures from volcanic activity and lakes, was probably the most habitable period in Mars' history.

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    A Brief History of Mars

    Uploaded by

    David Pečnik
    2 views13 pages
    1) Mars has gone through different eras over billions of years, starting with a thick atmosphere and oceans in the Pre-Noachian era, followed by periods of volcanism and lakes in the Noachian era and cooling temperatures and locked up water in the Hesperian era, and ending in the cold, dry conditions of today's Amazonian era. 2) The Pre-Noachian and Noachian eras, when Mars had a thicker atmosphere and liquid water on its surface, likely provided conditions most conducive to life. 3) The Noachian era, with warm temperatures from volcanic activity and lakes, was probably the most habitable period in Mars' history.

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    1) Mars has gone through different eras over billions of years, starting with a thick atmosphere and oceans in the Pre-Noachian era, followed by periods of volcanism and lakes in the Noachian era and cooling temperatures and locked up water in the Hesperian era, and ending in the cold, dry conditions of today's Amazonian era. 2) The Pre-Noachian and Noachian eras, when Mars had a thicker atmosphere and liquid water on its surface, likely provided conditions most conducive to life. 3) The Noachian era, with warm temperatures from volcanic activity and lakes, was probably the most habitable period in Mars' history.

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    2 views13 pages

    A Brief History of Mars

    Uploaded by

    David Pečnik
    1) Mars has gone through different eras over billions of years, starting with a thick atmosphere and oceans in the Pre-Noachian era, followed by periods of volcanism and lakes in the Noachian era and cooling temperatures and locked up water in the Hesperian era, and ending in the cold, dry conditions of today's Amazonian era. 2) The Pre-Noachian and Noachian eras, when Mars had a thicker atmosphere and liquid water on its surface, likely provided conditions most conducive to life. 3) The Noachian era, with warm temperatures from volcanic activity and lakes, was probably the most habitable period in Mars' history.

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    A Brief History of Mars

    A Brief History of Mars


    Was the Red Planet ever habitable?

    Europlanet 2024 RI has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon
    2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No
    871149.
    Objectives
    Objectives
    By the end of this lesson, you will be
    able to:
    • Understand how Mars has changed over time.
    • Hypothesise how this has affected its
    habitability.
    • Draw a conclusion as to which era of Mars’s
    history was most likely to be able to support
    life.
    MarsMars
    Timeline
    Timeline
    How can we piece together a planet's history since it formed?
    • On Earth?

    • On Mars?

    • Pre-Noachian
    • Noachian
    • Hesperian
    • Amazonian
    4.5 - 4.1
    Pre-Noachian Era billion years ago
     Pre-Noachian Era
    Beginning of Era
    • Thick atmosphere keeping in heat.
    • Large (very hot!) oceans.

    End of era
    • Atmosphere became thinner.
    • As a result water cooled.
    ⮚ Would this water be habitable?
    What happens to water on Mars without an
    What Happens to Water on Mars Without an
    Atmosphere?
    atmosphere?
    Click button below to link to video:
    Group exercise
    In groups, think about...
    • How would this affect your body on Mars?
    • (Remember your body is 70% water!)

    • What can we do to avoid this?


    4.1Era-
    Noachian 3.7 billion years ago
     Noachian Era
    • Lots of volcanism.
    • Eruptions warmed planet by pouring ash
    and gases into the atmosphere.
    • Lakes formed in many basins and craters.
    • What did these volcanic regions look
    like?
    Tharsis region Tharsis Region
    Image sources: EPN-24, Barbara Cavalazzi

    Danakil Depression
    Danakil Depression
    Ethiopia

    • Can be used as analogues to


    volcanic areas of Mars, such
    as the Tharsis Region.
    3.7 - 2.9 billion years ago
    Hesperian Era

    Hesperian Era
    • Less impacts and geological activity.
    • Volcanoes erupted sulphur dioxide and
    water, making the surface acidic.
    • Colder climate
    • Majority of water locked up as
    permafrost or subsurface ice.
    2.9 billion years ago to present
    Amazonian Era

    Amazonian Era
    • The most recent period of Martian history.
    • The Amazonian covers at least half of the
    planet's entire history!
    • At present, the surface of Mars is cold,
    covered in toxic salts and bombarded by
    ultraviolet radiation!
    Habitability
    Habitability
    Past and Present...
    •Which of the eras of martian history do you think could best
    have supported life?

    •Why? Discuss in groups.


    Recap

    1 2 3
    Draw a conclusion
    Recap Understand how
    Mars has changed
    Hypothesise how
    this has affected
    as to which era
    was most
    over time. its habitability.
    Now we can... habitable.

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