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Lecture 1
Lecture 1
Lecture 1
INTRODUCTION
Lecture one
Project definition
Characteristics of a project
Project management
Why project management
Responsibilities of a project manager
Project life cycle
Why projects fail
Why projects succeed
Project Definition
PROJECT
A collection of activities that has to be carried
out by a person or a group of people
A set of activities carried out in a specific
timeframe to meet specific needs, problems or
opportunities by utilising mobilised/available
resources
A set of interrelated and coordinated activities
designed to achieve specific objectives within
a given budget and time.
Project Definition Example
Construction of a building. The activities
involved are acquiring a plot, obtaining a
building permit from community authorities,
Preparing plan for a building, clearing the
plot, building foundation, etc
Preparation of research proposal. The
project includes activities such as reviewing
the relevant literature, stating the problem to
be investigated, describing the appropriate
research methodology
Project Definition Example
Road construction. Activities include
surveying the area where the road will pass,
site clearances, excavating the area where
the road will pass, bridge constructions.
Terms used in project management
Overall/Wider Objective or Aim
It is the overall or ultimate change desired in
the long run. It is the main overall objective
that the project is meant to contribute to in the
long run.
Specific Objective or Project Purpose
It is communities’ expectations of what they
want from the project. It is what the
community hopes to attain from using project
outputs
Terms used in project
management
Outputs/Results
These are the results of completed project activities,
which are within the control of project management,
and which use the inputs provided.
Activities
These are the actions carried out in order to achieve
the project outputs or results.
Inputs
These are raw materials (ingredients) of a project
necessary to produce the intended output – money,
materials and personnel
Characteristics of a project
Responds to specific needs, problems,
opportunities
Carried out in a specific timeframe with a
deadline
Complex; made up of several activities
happening simultaneously. Example road
construction
Utilises human, time, equipment, facility,
material and financial resources
Characteristics of a project
Activities
Uniqueness
Temporary
Specific scope
Resource constraints
Risk and Uncertainty
Types of Projects
Classification Criterion Type of Project Motivating Factor
Lead
Communicate
Communicate
Re-Plan
Project Manager’s Key Strength
Concept/
Project Planning Execution/Control Closing
identification
20% 60%
5% 15%
Research findings;
Survey reports;
Development plans;
Entrepreneurship;
Donor agencies;
PHASE 1
PROJECT IDENTIFICATION
ACTIVITIES:
Stakeholder Analysis
Socio-Economic Analysis
It is always a requirement to
overcome the challenges related to the
project triangle during the project
execution period.
Project managers need to understand
that the three constraints outlined in
the project management triangle can
be adjusted.
The project manager needs to
strike a balance between the three
constraints so that quality of the
project will not be compromised.
To overcome the constraints, the
project managers have several
methods to keep the project going
such as preventing stakeholders
from changing the scope and
maintaining limits on both financial
and human resources.
END
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