Data Centre

Data Centre
4/5/23
Consulting Team
1
Agenda
1. About Data Centre & Key Words
2. Data Centre Component, Type & Brand
3. Data Centre Standards and Other Certification
4. Data Centre Checklist
2
Data Centre &
Key Words
DATA CENTRE CONSULTANCY, DESIGN AND BUILD

Private & Confidential - Copyright © 2017 POWERWARE SYSTEMS SDN BHD (482064-M)
About Data Centre
A centralized and purpose built
environment where computer related
resources and data are stored.
Business
Growth
Data Density &

Network Bandwidth
Growth
Mobile
Applications
Financial
Applications
Many more...

About Data Centre
White Space
Space purely for IT equipment
Facility Space
Space for Support Infrastructure and M&E
equipment ie Command Centre, UPS,
switchboard, PAC, genset and etc

Key Words
Availability & Reliability

• Uptime of the site delivered by the purpose built environment
• Ability to overcome any unplanned shut down/incident that is potentially caused
downtime(no power supply) to site or IT equipment
• Operation Sustainability and Preventive/Predictive/Comprehensive Maintenance helps on
increasing site availability and reliability.
Scalability
• Site readiness to scale or expand with business direction and requirement without
compromising the energy usage efficiency

Key Words
Resiliency
• Data center resiliency is often achieved through the use of redundant components,
subsystems, systems or facilities.
• When one element fails or experiences a disruption, the redundant element takes over
seamlessly and continues to support computing services to the user base.
• Ideally, users of a resilient system never know that a disruption has even occurred.

Key Words
Efficiency & Effectiveness

• Energy usage efficiency and effectiveness to save on OPEX (Operation Expenses)
• Equipment operating set point and operational practices impact on OPEX
Total Facility Power :
Total Facility Power Total power supply by Utility Provider to support
Power Utility Efficiency = Electrical and Mechanical Load
(PUE) Total IT Equipment Consumption
Higher PUE; Lower Efficiency • Ideal PUE value is 1 – means all power supply is
Lower PUE; Higher Efficiency consume by IT equipment
• Impossible to achieve PUE 1 due to electricity
Achievable PUE : 1.6 to 1.8 consumption by lighting, mechanical load, losses in
(also dependence to efficiency of equipment)
UPS and other auxiliary equipment in addition to
the consuming IT load
Data Centre
Component, Type &
Brands

Data Centre Component, Type & Brands
Architectural Works Mechanical Works

• Precision Cooling Unit
• ID Design (2D & 3D)
• Fan Coil Unit
• Renovation Work –
• Mechanical Services
Partitioning, Door, Painting,
• Fire Protection System
Ceiling and Flooring Work
• Floor Structure Strengthening
• Raised Floor System
Data
Data
Centre
Centre
Electrical Works ELV System
• Generator Set • Security (CCTV & Card
• Uninterrupted Power System Access)
(UPS) with Battery • Water Leak Detection (WLD)
• Electrical Panel/Switchboards • Early Warning Smoke
• Electrical Services – Power Detection (EWSD)
Cabling, Lighting and Power • Data Centre Monitoring
and Earthing System
• Structured Cabling System*
Electrical Services Electrical Works
• Generator Set
Generator System •
•
Uninterruptable Power System (UPS)
with Battery
Electrical Panel/Switchboards
• Electrical Services – Power Cabling,
Lighting and Power and Earthing
Purpose :
1. Provide power backup during incoming
source outage
Features Indoor Canopy Outdoor
Footprint Larger Smaller

Build-in Tack up to 10-
Fuel External Tank
12 hours
CAPEX ; OPEX Higher ; Similar Lower ; Similar
• Generator Set
Generator System •
•
with Battery
Operating Conditions for Tier III : Genset Alternator to be

designed for continuous unlimited running hours per
year; fuel reserve recommended for at least 24 hours
backup.
Based on ASHRAE’s extreme annual temperatures for

Malaysia for the past 20 years (Currently 37 oC).
Premium Brand:
• Caterpillar
• Cummins
Common Brand:
• Scanpac
• Perkins
• Doosan
• Generator Set
Uninterruptable Power System •
•
with Battery
Purpose :
1. Provide uninterrupted power supply to IT equipment by switching to battery supply during
incoming source outage
2. Provide clean and conditioned power to IT equipment
• filter unconditioned and dirty source before delivery to IT equipment
Type of Static UPS:

3. Offline
• Power supply directly from Utility Provider, means direct no-regulated and non-
filtered power is supplied to load
4. Line Interactive
• Provide regulated supply but not recommended to use for critical IT equipment
5. True Online Double Conversion
• Convert the power twice (double conversion) to provide save and conditioned power
to critical IT equipment
• Generator Set
•
with Battery
Types of Double Conversion

UPS available in the market:
C-1 C-2
1. Standalone Type UPS
2. Modular UPS
3. Dynamic Rotary UPS
(DRUPS)
• Combination of UPS
and Genset
• Generator Set
•
with Battery
DRUPS : Lighting and Power and Earthing
Diesel Rotary UPS or DRUPS is referring

to a Rotary UPS with Diesel Engine acts
as a Generator.
Electrical Services
Uninterruptable Power System
Features Modular Standalone DRUPS

Yes,
Yes, Parallel multiple Yes, Parallel multiple
Redundancy Power module
number number
redundancy is possible
Transformer-less Design Yes Yes Yes
Yes, by additional power Yes, only by additional Yes, only by additional

Scalable for growth
modules UPS UPS
Build-in hot swappable* or
Battery backup External bank No, Flywheel Technology**
external bank
Biggest (however, does
Footprint Smaller Bigger
not require genset)
Power Factor 1.0 0.9 0.9
CAPEX ; OPEX Higher ; Higher Lower ; Lower Highest ; Highest
* Replaceable without shut down of UPS/Battery Bank
** Flywheel uses stored kinetic energy to back up up to few seconds
• Generator Set
•
with Battery
Brand for Conventional and Modular UPS:

• Schneider Electric
• Vertiv
• Hitachi Systems
• Delta
• Socomec
• Astrid
Brand for DRUPS:

• Hitachi Hi-Rel
• Pillar
• Generator Set
Battery •
•
with Battery
Types of Power Backup:

1. VRLA Battery
2. Flywheel
3. Lithium Ion
Flywheel
VRLA Battery / Lithium Ion
- A equipment built with rotor
- Rechargeable Type
- Energy stored (kinetic energy) by
- Consist of two plates hung in a fluid-like
accelerating a rotor at a very high
electrolyte solution
speed and maintaining the energy
Difference between a lithium-ion battery and a lead-acid is the in the system
chemical makeup of the materials used in the electrodes and
electrolyte.
Most current lithium-ion batteries use a metal oxide for the cathode
and a carbon-based material for the anode. The electrolyte solution
is a lithium salt dissolved in an organic solvent.
A lead-acid battery, on the other hand, uses a lead dioxide for the
cathode, a lead anode, and a form of sulfuric acid as the electrolyte.
• Generator Set
Battery •
•
with Battery
Features Batteries (VRLA) Flywheel Lithium Ion
Power backup Long duration 10 - 30 secs Long Duration
Footprint Bigger Smaller Smaller
Charging time (Full) Long Few hours Long
Hydrogen Emission Yes No No
Life Span Short (10-12years) Long Long

High ; Low
CAPEX ; OPEX Lower ; Higher Higher ; Lower (may be at zero
cost for Opex)
• Generator Set
Battery •
•
with Battery
VRLA Battery Brand :

1. MSB
2. Hoppecke
3. Vision
4. Panasonic
• Generator Set
Electrical Panel/Switchboard •
•
with Battery
• 4 types of Switchboard Compartment

arrangement
• Build in with
• Circuit Breakers
• Auto-Transfer Switch connecting between
TNB supply & Genset
• Digital Power Meter
• Protection Devices
ATS (Open ATS (Closed
Features
Transition) Transition)
Transfer Time 5-7 secs <1s
Operation Break before make Make before break
CAPEX ; OPEX Lowest ; Lowest Higher ; Lower

• Generator Set
Electrical Panel/Switchboard •
•
with Battery
• Panel Builder
1. Shanghai Business
2. Powerwell
3. SRS
4. Proton
• ATS
• Socomec (Open transition Type)
• ASCO (Close Transition Type)
• Generator Set
Electrical Services •
•
with Battery
• Lighting
• Power Socket
• 3 pin type for workstation & on wall
• Commando Plugs for IT racks
• 16A SPN (up to 3kVA)
• 32A SPN (up to 6kVA)
• 16A TPN (up to 10kVA)
• 32A TPN (up to 20kVA)
• 64A TPN (not commonly used)
• Earthing
• Clean Earth for Raised Floor System
• Electrostatic Earth for IT Equipment
• Electrical Earth
• Genset Body & Neutral Earth
Mechanical Services Mechanical Works
Precision Cooling System

• Containment System
• Fan Coil Unit
Purpose :
1. Provide cooling system in Data Centre
2. Able to maintain and adjust the rooms temperature to meet ASHRAE standards
3. ASHRAE standards – 18-27ºC and 40% - 60% RH at rack level
• Recommended : 22ºC-24ºC and 50% RH
Types of PAC available in the Type of Cooling approach: Type of Refrigerant

market: 1. Air-Cooled (DX) 1. R410A/R407C
1. Perimeter Cooling 2. Chilled Water 2. Water
2. Inrow Cooling 3. Twin-Cooled System 3. Glycol
3. Rack Cooling 4. R22*

• Fan Coil Unit
Features Perimeter Row Rack
6 kW to 15 kW per Above 15 kW per

Density Suitability 1 to 6 kW per rack
rack rack
Operation Upflow or Downflow Horizontal Left/Right Rack Cooling
CAPEX ; OPEX Lowest ; Lowest Higher ; Lower Highest ; Highest
Perimeter Downflow:

• Fan Coil Unit
Features Air-Cooled (DX) Chilled Water Twin-cooled
Combination of
Refrigerant R410A Water
Water & R410A
Short
Depends on
Vertical Upwards :15m
Pipe Length Long refrigerant
Vertical downwards : 5m
combination
Horizontal : 30m-60m
Others - Required water make up tanks

Type of Chiller
• Fan Coil Unit
Type of Chiller (commonly used):
Features Air Cooled Water Cooled
Heat Removal Medium By Air By Water
R410A is required at outdoor Heat exchange immerse in

Refrigerant
unit moving water
CAPEX ; OPEX High; Low High; High


• Fan Coil Unit
Brand for PAC:

• Schneider Electric
• Vertiv
• Renovo
• Stulz
• Delta
Mechanical Services
Site Considerations Mechanical Works
Containment System
Site Considerations
derations Generally there are no advantages between hot and cold aisle containment
Parameters to be
•
•
in terms
Containment
Fan Coil Unit
of efficiency.
System
Generally
hotadvantages
no and there
cold aisle are hot
no advantages
containment
between andincold
terms between
of
aisle hot and
efficiency.
containment cold aisle
inconsidered
terms of efficiency. Hot
• Aisle Containment
containment in Mechanical
terms efficiency.Cold Aisle
ofServices Con
arameters to be Parameters to be Parameters to be
Hot Aisle Containment ColdAisle
Hot Aisle Containment
Containment
CRACS Hot
to Aisle
Cold
in different room Aisle Containment
return is requiredCold Aisle
Containment
Ducted Containme
No ducted return
considered considered considered
Server Racks back to CRAC Room. DC Reduced cost.
CS in different room to
r Racks
Ducted return
CRACS
back toRacks
Server
is required
in different
CRAC Room. DC
room to CRACS
No ducted
Ducted
Server
Reduced
back
in different
return
to Racks
CRAC
return Site Considerations
is room
is required
cost.Room. DC
to
required. Ducted
No ducted
Reduced
room
return height
return
sufficient.
back to CRAC
needs to beNo ducted return is requir
is required
is required.
cost. Room. DC Reduced cost.
room height needs to be room height needs to be
Generally there
room
are
height
no
needs
advantages
to be
between hot and co
sufficient. sufficient.Data Centre Environment sufficient.More comfortable Relatively
Parameterswarm td
Hot Aisle Sample of Cold Aisle Containment with CRAC units Temperature temperature to work in. Cold Aisle
environment
considerehot a
Containment
Centre Environment Data
MoreCentre
comfortable
Environment Data
More Centre
Relatively Environment
comfortable
warm due to More comfortable
Relatively warm due to Containment
the
Relatively environment.
warm due to
erature
inment (HAC)
with Sample
CRAC of
units Cold Aisle Containment
temperature
Temperature with
to CRAC
work units
in. Temperature
environment
temperature tohotworkaislein.facing temperature to
environment hotwork
aislein.facing CRACS
environment (CAC)
hotin aisle
different
fac
Temperature
the environment. for non- Racks will be receiving a Rack
Server inlet
Racks
the environment. will be
the environment.
contained racks cold inlet temperature
erature for non- Racks will befor
Temperature receiving
non- a Temperature
Rack inlet
Racks will bewillfor
benon-
hot aisle.
receiving a Racksinlet
Rack will will
be receiving
be hot aisle. a Rack inlet will be hot aisle
GENSET failure scenario More volume of cold air to Less volume of c
ned racks contained
cold inlet temperature
racks contained
cold racks
inlet temperature cold inlet temperature
delay temperature increase Data available.
CentreServer
Enviro
SET failure scenario GENSET
More volumefailure
of scenario
cold air to GENSET
More
Less volume failure
volume of scenario
ofcold
cold airairSample
to More
of Less volume
volume
Cold Aisle of cold
of cold
Containment air to
airCRAC units
with Less temperature
volume
Temperature will i
of cold air
delay temperature increase available.
delay Server inlet
temperature increase delay temperature
available. increase
Server inlet faster.
available. Server inlet
temperature will increase temperature will increase temperature will increase
faster. faster. faster.Temperature for no
contained racks
GENSET failure sc
Other Technologies
• Fan Coil Unit
Free Cooling System

• Cooling data centre using filtered outside air.
• Suitable for countries with cooler temperature.
• Huge saving impact to data centre expenses
• Lowest Power Utilization Efficiency
Evaporative Cooling System

• water is • use evaporating water
evaporated into to cool the scavenger
the air stream airstream passing
to provide through a heat
adiabatic exchanger
cooling • maintaining constant
humidity in the treated
air
Brand : Munters
Mechanical Services
Fire Protection System
Clean Agent Gas

Water Based
Features FM200 IG55 Novec 1230
Pressure Low High Low
Man-made gas
Natural gases,
Contents Hydrofluorocarbon Liquid Ketone
Argon & Nitrogen
(HFC)
0 ODP, Lowest
GWP, harmful to
Effects 0 ODP, Low GWP 0 ODP, Low GWP
aquatic life with
long lasting effects
Footprint Smallest Largest Larger
CAPEX ; OPEX Lowest ; Similar Highest ; Similar Higher ; Higher

Water Mist System
ELV Services ELV System
Early Warning Smoke Detection •
•
Security (CCTV & Card Access)
Water Leak Detection (WLD)
• Early Warning Smoke Detection
(EWSD)
• Data Centre Monitoring System
Early Warning Smoke Detection (EWSD)
system is proposed to offer a smoke
Brand for EWSD:
detection system that detects the earliest • XTRALIS (VESDA)
possible warning of a potential fire hazard. • Part of Honeywell
• HSSD
• ASD
Water Detection System •
•
(EWSD)
The Water Leak Detection System is proposed • Structured Cabling System*
to be installed under the raised floor and over

the perimeter of the data center. In the event of
any form of water leakage or presence of
condensate from air-conditioner blockage, the
water leak detection system is able to detect
the location of the liquid and provide an alarm
sounder.
Brand for EWSD:

• TTK
• Tracetek
Security System •
•
(EWSD)
CCTV and Card Access System

To provide security surveillance and access control to the Data Centre Facilities.
Other Security Systems:
 Perimeter Intrusion Detection

 Security Bollards
 Man-trap
 Anti-climb security fencing
 Turnstile System
DataCentre Monitoring System •
•
(EWSD)
To provide central monitoring & alarm notification for any
alerts in the Data Centre, and also to provide the Data
Centre operators a bridge between the IT and the
Facility teams, by providing more tools for operators to
enhance their operational efficiency.
•
(EWSD)
Environmental Monitoring System (EMS) UPS

- Low monitoring system
- Only gives alarm & alert via SMS/Email PDU
HVAC
System (CMS)
Central Monitoiring System (CMS) Temperature &
Monitoring
Humidity
Central
- Monitoring system shows datas, power consumption Water Leak
Detection
- Reporting available Early Warning
- Gives warning and alert when equipment reaches threshold.

Smoke Detection
Surveillance &
- Gives alarm when equipment failure or etc Access Control
- Via. SMS & Email Fire Alarm Panel
Power Distribution
System
•
(EWSD)
Data Centre Infrastructure Monitoring System (DCIM) • Structured Cabling System*
- Combination of CMS with Asset Management,
Workflow Management, Change Management, Capacity
Management, IoT and etc
UPS
DC Asset
PDU
Data Centre Processes
Management
HVAC
DC Workflow
System (CMS)
Temperature &
Monitoring
Humidity Processes
DCIM
Central
Water Leak
Detection
DC Change
Early Warning Management
Smoke Detection
Surveillance &
Access Control DC Capacity
Management
Fire Alarm Panel
Power Distribution
System
Data Centre Standards

Two Main Standards Available :

(a) Uptime Institution
(b) TIA – 942
Cooling Requirement :
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)

Uptime Institute :
1. Developed for DC owners/operations based on

organization direction with critical uptime needs
2. Infrastructure Fundamental concepts to align with IT
architecture
3. Consist of Tier 1 - 4 Classification for Infrastructure design
& Operation Sustainability
4. It is meant to be an objective basis to confirm a Data
Centre functionality, capacity and expected availability.
Lowest Rating Tier I : Basic Site Infrastructure
Tier II : Redundant Site Infrastructure Capacity

Components
Tier III : Concurrently Maintainable Site

Infrastructure
Highest Rating Tier IV : Fault Tolerant Site Infrastructure

UI Data Centre Standards
Tier I – Basic Site Infrastructure
• NON-Redundant
capacity components
• Single and non-
redundant Distribution
Path serving computer
equipment
• Service work can be
done on a planned basis
but required to shut
down IT equipment
Tier II : Redundant Site
Infrastructure Capacity Components
• Redundant capacity
components
• Single and Non-Redundant
Distribution Path serving
computer equipment
• Redundant capacity component
can be removed for service
on a planned basis without
causing any shutdown to IT
equipment
Tier III : Concurrently Maintainable
• Redundant capacity
components
• Multiple(2) independent
Distribution Path serving
computer equipment
• Active-Passive Distribution
Path : only 1 path is serving
the load at any time.
• Each and every capacity
component in the distribution
path can be removed for
service on a planned basis
without impacting any
computer equipment
Tier IV : Fault Tolerant
• Redundant capacity components
• Multiple(2) independent Distribution Path
serving computer equipment
• Active-Active Distribution Path
• Fault tolerant DC has multiple,
independent, physically isolated systems
that provide redundant capacity
components and multiple, independent,
diverse, active distribution paths
simultaneously serving the computer
equipment
• Continuous Cooling is required
• A single failure of any capacity system,
capacity component, or distribution
element will not impact the computer
equipment.
UI Data Centre Tier Comparison
Tier I Tier II Tier III Tier IV

Active Capacity
Components to N N+1 N+1 2N
support IT load
Redundant
Not required Yes, required Yes, required 2N system
Components
Dual-One
Distribution Paths Single – Active Single-Active Active, One Dual-active
Passive
Concurrently
No No Yes Yes
Maintainable
Fault Tolerance No No No Yes
Compartment-
Not required Not required Not required Yes
alization
Continuous Cooling Not required Not required Not required Yes

UI Certification Program
• Assessment of facility performance, capacity and

engineering requirements
Tier Certification of • Assessment of mechanical & electrical systems as well
as architectural and site considerations
DC Design • Vendor and contractor-independent third-party review of
design documents
• Third-party verification that your facility has been

Tier Certification of •
constructed to Tier-Certified design documents
Live demonstrations of key systems under real-world
Constructed DC Facility conditions to validate facility performance
• Focus on identifying and addressing construction issues
prior to facility operations commencing
• Comprehensive assessment of Tier-Certified facility

management and operations practices
Tier Certification of • Identification of management and operations issues that
DC Operational Sustainability •
can compromise reliability and performance
Emphasis on achieving operational best-practices to
Gold – 3 years from date of award
Silver – 2 years from date of award attain full potential of installed infrastructure
Bronze – 1 year from date of award
UI Certification in Malaysia
Design Certification: Construction Certification:
1. CIMB Bank (Bangi) 1. MyTehehaus (Cyber)

2. RHB Bank (Bangi) 2. MCMC (Cyber)
3. TM Malaysia (Klang 3. TM Malaysia (Iskandar,
Valley) JB)
4. Strateq (Shah Alam)
5. MyTehehaus (Cyber)
6. MCMC (Cyber)
7. TM Malaysia (Iskandar,
JB)
8. CX5 (Cyber)
9. HDC (Shah Alam)
TIA – 942:
1. A checklist for DC owner and operators

2. Was earlier concentrating on Telecommunication/Network
Infrastructure requirements
3. Requirements has extended to renovation, site selection
and location, electrical and mechanical requirement,
security requirement, protection requirement and etc
4. Rated 1-4 (equivalent to UI Tier) Classification

Green Building Certification
Green Building Certification :
1. Green Building Index (GBI)

• In Malaysia
2. Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED)

• Worldwide recognition
• From USA
• Green Mark
• In Singapore

Data Centre Checklist

Architectural:
1. Total Space Available (sqft)
2. White Space Available (sqft)
3. Slab to Slab height (mm)
4. Total number of racks & Comsumption/rack
• Server Racks
• Network Racks
5. Any Future Expansion requirement?
6. Which Floor?
• Existing Building?
• New Building?

Electrical:
1. Power tapping location?
• From Building? Sufficient Power? Tapping
point available?
2. Dedicated Genset or Building Genset?
• Space available for dedicated genset?
• Location of building genset and sufficient
power?

Mechanical:
1. Cooling Type?
• DX?
• Location of outdoor area
• Distance from DC (Vertically &
Horizontally)
• Use Building Chilled Water?
• Operation hour? Office hour only?
• CW Supply and Return Temperature
• Usually 7C/12C or 8C/16C
• CW Flowrate

Others:
1. Security System - CCTV & CA?
2. WLD
3. VESDA
4. Fire System
5. DCIM? EMS? CMS?
6. Structured Cabling Systems?

Thank You
58

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Data Centre

1. About Data Centre & Key Words

2. Data Centre Component, Type & Brand

3. Data Centre Standards and Other Certification

4. Data Centre Checklist

DATA CENTRE CONSULTANCY, DESIGN AND BUILD

Data Density &

DATA CENTRE CONSULTANCY, DESIGN AND BUILD

DATA CENTRE CONSULTANCY, DESIGN AND BUILD

Availability & Reliability

DATA CENTRE CONSULTANCY, DESIGN AND BUILD

DATA CENTRE CONSULTANCY, DESIGN AND BUILD

Efficiency & Effectiveness

(PUE) Total IT Equipment Consumption

DATA CENTRE CONSULTANCY, DESIGN AND BUILD

Architectural Works Mechanical Works

Footprint Larger Smaller

Operating Conditions for Tier III : Genset Alternator to be

Based on ASHRAE’s extreme annual temperatures for

Uninterruptable Power System •

Type of Static UPS:

Uninterruptable Power System •

Types of Double Conversion

Uninterruptable Power System •

Diesel Rotary UPS or DRUPS is referring

Features Modular Standalone DRUPS

Transformer-less Design Yes Yes Yes

Yes, by additional power Yes, only by additional Yes, only by additional

Uninterruptable Power System •

Brand for Conventional and Modular UPS:

Brand for DRUPS:

Types of Power Backup:

Features Batteries (VRLA) Flywheel Lithium Ion

Power backup Long duration 10 - 30 secs Long Duration

Footprint Bigger Smaller Smaller

Charging time (Full) Long Few hours Long

Hydrogen Emission Yes No No

Life Span Short (10-12years) Long Long

VRLA Battery Brand :

• 4 types of Switchboard Compartment

Transfer Time 5-7 secs <1s

Operation Break before make Make before break

CAPEX ; OPEX Lowest ; Lowest Higher ; Lower

Precision Cooling System

Types of PAC available in the Type of Cooling approach: Type of Refrigerant

Precision Cooling System

Features Perimeter Row Rack

6 kW to 15 kW per Above 15 kW per

Operation Upflow or Downflow Horizontal Left/Right Rack Cooling

CAPEX ; OPEX Lowest ; Lowest Higher ; Lower Highest ; Highest

Precision Cooling System

Features Air-Cooled (DX) Chilled Water Twin-cooled

Others - Required water make up tanks

Type of Chiller (commonly used):

Features Air Cooled Water Cooled

Heat Removal Medium By Air By Water

R410A is required at outdoor Heat exchange immerse in

CAPEX ; OPEX High; Low High; High

Precision Cooling System

Brand for PAC:

Free Cooling System

Evaporative Cooling System

Clean Agent Gas

Pressure Low High Low