NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER

EDUCATION

DEPARTMENT OF FIRE TECHNOLOGY AND SAFETY

ENGINEERING
FS22P5 – PROJECT WORK

IV YEAR / 8 SEMESTER (2022- ’23)

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HAZARD AND RISK ASSESMENT

Done by;
Aibin Sam Roy ( Reg.No : 1119225003 )
Vishnu Ravindran ( Reg.No : 1119225027 )
Mohammedh Yaseen J ( Reg.No : 1119225017 )
Ashwin Suresh ( Reg.No : 1119225008 )
Vyshakh B Vijayan ( Reg.No : 1119225028 )
 AIM
• To study in detail about HAZARD AND SAFETY in STRIA
CONSTRUCTION
• To study in detail about RISK ANALYSIS in STRIA CONSTRUCTION
 Content
• Introduction
• Definitions
• Safety in Pipeline installation
• Safety in Pipeline jointing validation
• Safety Valve
• Physical properties of Natural Gas
• Risk Assessment
• Safety Checklists
• Conclusion
 Introduction
• Natural gas is one of the safest and most reliable fuels available.
• Uninterrupted supply is another vital feature of PNG.
• In rare cases, only a mechanical failure or storm can interrupt its
dependable delivery.
• IOAGPL continuously monitors its pipeline system to ensure safe and
reliable delivery of natural gas to home.
• Natural Gas is odour less, hence, for protection they add an odourant
to natural gas, which helps in detecting the presence of even the
slightest amount of natural gas in the air.
 Definitions
ACCIDENT

• An accident unplanned, undesired event which has a probability of causing personal

injury or property damaged. 

INCIDENT 

• An undesired event or condition that result or could have resulted in harm to people,
damage to property or the environment.

AUDIT

• A critical examination of all parts, of a total operating system with relevance to

safety.
NEAR MISS

• An unexpected, unwanted event not causing loss, injury or illness but which under
slightly altered conditions can lead to an accident. 

FATAL

• Death resulting from an accident

MAN-HOURS WORKED

• The total no. of employee hours worked by all employees working at site & office.

FIRST AID CASES

• First aid cases are where the injured person is given medical treatment and discharge
immediately for reporting on duty, without counting any lost time
LOST TIME INJURY (LTI) 

• Any work injury which renders the injured person unable to perform his regular job or
an alternative restricted work assignment on the next scheduled work day after the day
on which the injury occurred.

LOST WORKDAYS – DAYS AWAY FROM WORK 

• The total number of calendar days on which the injured person was temporarily unable
to work as a result of lost workday case or permanent partial disability.

TOTAL RECORDABLE CASE

• It is the cumulative of LTI, Restricted Work Case (RWC) and Medical Treatment Case
(MTC).
 Safety In Pipeline Installation
• Pipeline shall be adequately supported at sufficient intervals

• Where pipes pass through walls, partitions or floors they shall be

fitted with sleeves of copper pipes
Pipeline Specifications
 Safety in Pipeline Jointing Validation
• Before the wall outlets are installed, blow the pipes free of any
particulate
• Pressure Testing
• Locating Leaks
• Cross-connection Testing
Pipeline Jointing Validation
 Safety Valves
• All valves shall be of the lever- ball type
• Flanged O-ring seal connections
• Which open and close with a 90- degree rotation
• The handle should be in line with the pipeline when open
 Safety Valves Positions
Main Line Valve (Source Shut Off Valve):

• Provided at outlet of the supply source

• Must always be accessible to authorized persons only

Line Valves Assembly (LVA)

• Provided at the defined sections

• At entry & exit of each section
Branch Valves including Riser Valves:

• Base of risers and every major branch

• Placed in secured location

Zone Valves
• Provided at each fire zone
• Accessible to floor staff
• Accessible to the fire staff
• Should be marked in floor evacuation plan
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL GAS

• Has methane, with small amounts of other hydrocarbons

• Colorless
• Odour less
• Non-toxic
• Lighter than air; if it escapes, it will rise and dissipate
• Clean burning fuel; when burned with the proper amount of air, it
produces heat, carbon dioxide and water vapour
 RISK ASSESSMENT
• This procedure is intended to help STRIA and their employees to assess the
risk in work place.

• The process is started by identifying hazards, then by evaluating the risk

arising from those hazards and finally by taking necessary measures to reduce
the risk to persons to the lowest level that is reasonably practicable

• The purpose of risk assessment stage of risk management is to obtain an idea

of the scale or size of risk.

• It should also provide the ranking of the hazards identified to enable priority to
be agreed for further action.

• Risk assessment process consists of five steps.

• Each steps of the assessment process should complete before going onto the
next. 
Step -1 Look for the Hazards.

Look for what could reasonably be expected to cause harm. Ignore the
trivial (unimportant, small) and concentrate only on significant
hazards, which could result in serious harm or affect the several people
by considering the equipment and material being used and the
environment where the work is being carried out. Manufacturer
instruction or material data sheets can also help you stop hazards and
put risk in their true perspective.

Step -2 Decide who might be harmed and how

Think about the people who may not be at the work place at the time
e.g. cleaner, visitors, contractors, and members of the public, etc. Is
there any chance that they may/might be harmed by your activities? 
Steps -3 Evaluated the risk arising from the hazards and decide whether
existing precaution are adequate or more should be done.

• Risk can be reduced by using the following hierarchy.

• Eliminate the hazard to remove the risk e.g. use of intrinsically safe

• electrical equipment in a classified area.

• Reduce or substitute the hazard with an alternative;

• Isolate the hazard from the people;

• Control the hazard by introducing suitable measures;

• Personal Protective Equipment.

• Discipline- personal discipline that is competence based and

• organization discipline, which is rule, based

Step -4 Record your findings

• Record the findings, write down the more significant hazards e.g. aboveground power
cable

Step -5 Monitor and Review (Review your assessment and revise it if necessary)

Review your assessment from time and revise if necessary, if these is any significant
change. You should add to the assessment to take account of the new hazards.
 Safety Checklists
1. Eye and Face Protection

• Safety glasses or face shields are worn anytime work operations can cause foreign
objects getting into the eye such as during welding, cutting, grinding, nailing (or when
working with concrete and/or harmful chemicalsor when exposed to flying particles.)
• Eye and face protectors are selected based on anticipated hazards.

• Safety glasses or face shields are worn when exposed to any electrical hazards including
work on energized electrical system.
2. Foot Protection

• Construction workers should wear shoes or boot with slip-resistance soles.

• Safety-toed footwear is worn to prevent crushed toes when working around heavy
equipment or falling objects.

3. Hand Protection
• Gloves should fit snugly.

• Workers wear the right gloves for the job (for example, heavy duty rubber gloves for
concrete work, welding gloves for welding, insulated gloves and sleeves when exposed to
electrical hazards.)
4. Electrical Safety
• Work on new and existing energized (hot) electrical circuit is prohibited until all power
is shut off and grounds are attached.

• All extension cords have grounding prongs.

• Protect flexible cords and cables from damaged. Sharp corners and projections should
be avoided.

• Use extension cord sets used with portable electrical tools and appliances that are the
three wire type and designed for hard or extra –hard services.

• All electrical tools and equipment are maintained in safe condition and checked regularly
for defects and taken out of service if a defect found.

• Do not bypass any protective system or designed to protect employees from contact
with electrical energy.
 
5. Head Protection
• Hard hats are routinely inspected for dents, cracks or deterioration.

• Workers shall wear hard hats where there is a potential for objects falling from above, bumps
to their heads from fixed objects, or of accidental head contact with electrical hazards.

• Hard hats are maintained in good condition.

6. Crane Safety
• Cranes and derricks are restricted from operating 10 feet of any electrical power line.

• Rated load capacities, operating speed and instructions are posted and visible to the
operator.

• Cranes are equipped with a load chart.

• The operator understands and uses the load chart.

• The operator can determine the angle and length of the crane boom at all times.

• Crane machinery and other rigging equipment is inspected daily prior to use to make
sure that it is in good condition.

• Illuminations of hand signals to crane and derrick operators are posted on the job site.

• The signal person uses correct signals for the crane operator to follow.

• Broken, worn or damaged wire rope is removed from service.

• Load test reports/certification is available.

• Overload limits are tested and correctly set.

• The maximum acceptable load and the last test results are posted on the crane. Initial
and annual inspections of all hoisting and rigging equipment are performed and reports
are maintained. Only properly trained and qualified operators are allowed to work with
hoisting and rigging equipment
THANK YOU