SAFETY MEASURES

Prepared by:
Arpana Rana Magar
PBNS 2nd Year
Roll no. - 4
 CONTENTS
• Objectives
• Terminologies
• Factors affecting safety measures
• Common safety measures
• Protective and preventive measures
• Summary
 GENERAL OBJECTIVE
• At the end of the teaching learning session,
students will be able to explain about ‘Safety
Measures’.
 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
• At the end of the teaching learning session,
students will be able to:
 define the terminologies.
 state factors affecting safety measures.
 explain about the common safety measures.
 explain about protective and preventive
measures.
 TERMINOLOGIES
• Safety measures: a set of actions taken to
increase or ensure safety or protection from
danger.
• Hazards: a source of danger which can be
defined as, ‘‘ a condition or situation that
exists in the work environment that could
result in physical harm, injury and or damage.’’
 TERMINOLOGIES
• Health hazards: any substances or chemicals
that causes negative impacts in our health.

• Safety needs: means freedom from

psychological and physical injury which is a
basic human need.
 CONT….
• Safety need of a client is defined as to provide
the safety measure according to client’s need
to prevent from hazard and early recovery
from the illness.
 FACTORS AFFECTING SAFETY
1.Age and development
• Injuries are leading cause of death in children
over 1 year of age.
• Similarly, elderly can have difficulty with
movement and diminished sensory acuity that
contributes to the injury.
 CONT…
2.Lifestyle
• lead to injury people who drive or operate
machinery while under the influence of
chemical substances, work in inherently
dangerous jobs are at greater risk of injury.
• in addition people experiences stress, anxiety,
fatigue and alcohol are prone to develop
accidents.
 CONT…
3.Emotional state :
• Stressful situations can reduce person’s level
of concentration
• cause errors in judgment and may decrease
awareness of external stimuli.
 CONT…
4.Environmental factors :
• A safe environment reduces the risk for illness
and injury and helps to contain the cost of
health care by preventing extended lengths of
treatment and hospitalization.
• well- maintained flooring, avoidance of
dangerous substances, adequate lighting,
ventilation, warmth, free from noises are
examples of safe environment.
 CONT….
5.Impaired mobility :
• A patient with impaired mobility has many
kinds of safety risks.
• Muscle weakness, paralysis and poor
coordination or balances are major factors in
falls.
 CONT….
6.Sensory and communication impairment :
• Cognitive impairments associated with
delirium, dementia, and depression place
patients at greater risk for injury.
 CONT…
7.Lack of safety awareness:
• Some patients are unaware of safety
precautions such as keeping medicine aware
from children.
 COMMON SAFETY MEASURES
• Chemical analysis
• Destructive testing of samples
• Drug testing of employee, etc.
• Examination of activities by specialists to
minimize physical stress and or increase
productivity
 COMMON SAFETY MEASURES
• Government regulations so suppliers know
what standards their product is expected to
meet.
 Instruction manuals how to use product.
 Instructional videos demonstrating proper use
of product
 Root cause analysis
 COMMON SAFETY MEASURES
 Periodic evaluation of employees ,
departments , etc
 Physical examination
 Implementation of standard protocols and
procedures
 Statement of ethics by industry, organizations
or an individual companies
 Training of employees.
PROTECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES

• Identify the patients at risk for injury.

 Patients with impaired vision and hearing.
 Young and elderly patients.
 Patient with impaired mobility.
 Patient with history of substance abuse.
 Sedated patient.
 Mentally ill patient.
PROTECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES

• To prevent falls nurse should:

 Use side rails to prevent patient from falling.
 Place the bed in the low position.
 Make sure that the floor is not slippery or wet.
 Use stretchers and wheel chairs securely.
 Restrain the patient from falling down.
PROTECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES

• To prevent from injury the nurse should :

 Be careful while giving hot water bags.
 Use electrical equipment safely.
 Poisonous materials should not kept in the
patient’s room.
 Protect the patient from radiation hazards.
 Place the patient in the correct body
alignment.
PROTECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES

• Prevent from infection

 Use aseptic techniques during the surgical
procedures or wound dressing.
 Use mosquito nets or mats.
 Keep environment clean and safe.
 BED SIDE RAILS
Benefits of bed side rails includes:
• Aiding in turning and repositioning within the
bed.
• Providing a hand-hold for getting into or out of
bed.
• Providing a feeling of comfort and security.
• Providing easy access to bed controls and
personal care items.
 CONT…
Potential risk of bed rails may include :
• Strangling, suffocating, bodily injury or death
when patients or part of their body are caught
between rails or between the bed rails and
mattress.
• More serious injuries from falls when patient
climb over rails.
• Feeling isolated or unnecessary restricted.
 BED RAILS MANAGEMENT
Users should ensure:
• A risk assessment is carried out by a
competent person taking into account the bed
occupant, the bed, mattresses, bed rails and
all associated equipment.
• The rail is suitable for the bed and mattress.
• Staffs are trained in the risks and safe use of
bed rail.
 RESTRAINTS
• used by trained caregivers to stop or limit a
patient’s movement.
• a device or medication that is used to restrict
a patient’s voluntary movement.
• Common used devices are belts, vests, jackets,
and mitts for the hand. Types of restraints are
 TYPES OF RESTRAINTS
1. Physical restraints: should be considered
when verbal techniques are unsuccessful or
inappropriate in controlling a potentially
violent patient.
2. Chemical restraints : is a form of medical
restraint in which a drug is used to restrict or
sedate a patient. Chemical restraints are also
referred as‘”Psychopharmacologic Agent”
 USES OF RESTRAINTS
• Use to control harmful behavior caused by
problems such as drug abuse, head injury, or
mental illness.
• Used to keep a patient from removing a
feeding tube, catheters or endotracheal tube.
• Used during surgery or when a patient is on a
stretcher to hold them in the right position
and keep them from falling.
 CARE OF ENVIRONMENT
In any health program, environmental sanitation
is one of the most important factors in
eliminating health hazards. Maintenance of safe
environment in hospital includes:
1. Provision of adequate water
2. Adequate ventilation
3. Adequate lighting
4. Quiet environment
5. Avoid slippery floor
6. Floor free of sharp instruments
7. Infection control
8. Disposal of Waste
9. Room temperature
 REFERENCES
• Timilsina, R. (2019). Essential Textbook of
Fundamental Of Nursing. 3 rd edition,
Bagbazar,Kathmandu: Samiksha Publication
Pvt. Ltd. Page no. 380 – 387.
• Pathak, S. (2018) . A Textbook Of Foundation
Of Nursing. 1 st edition, Bhotahity,
Kathmandu: Vidhyarthi Pustak Bhandar Page
no. 155 – 160.