Basic Computer Training

Course Out Line:-

•Introduction to Computer
•Introduction to Windows
•MS-Word
•MS-Excel
•MS-Access
•MS-Power Point
•Introduction to Internet
and E-mail
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What is COMPUTER?
COMPUTER is the
short form of: -
Common Machine
Particularly Used for
Trade and Research.
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A computer is a special electronic device,
operating under the control of instructions
(software) stored in its own memory unit, that can
accept data (input), manipulate data (process), and
produce information (output) from the processing.
Generally, the term is used to describe a collection
of devices that function together as a system.

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 Monitor
(output) Speaker (output)

System unit
(processor,
Printer
memory…)
(output)

Storage devices
(CD-RW,
Floppy, Hard
scanner( Mouse disk, zip,…)
Keyboard (input) (input)
input)
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Computers can perform four general operations,
which comprise the information processing cycle.
 Input/data

 Process/manipulate

 Output/information

 Storage/ put for further use

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 All computer processing requires data, which is a
collection of raw facts, figures and symbols, such
as numbers, words, images, video and sound,
given to the computer during the input phase.
 Computers manipulate data to create information.
Information is data that is organized, meaningful,
and useful.

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 The ability to perform the information
processing cycle with amazing speed.
 Accuracy.
 Ability to store huge amounts of data and
information.
 Ability to communicate with other
computers.

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 It must be given a detailed list of instructions,
called a compute program or software, that tells
it exactly what to do.
 Once the program is stored in memory the
compute can start the operation by executing the
program instructions one after the other.

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 Input devices.
 Central Processing Unit
(containing the control
unit and the
arithmetic/logic unit).
 Memory.
 Output devices.
 Storage devices.

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 Keyboard.
 Mouse
 Scanner
 Microphone
 Digital camera

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The most commonly used input device is the keyboard on
which data is entered by manually keying in or typing
certain keys. A keyboard typically has 101 or 105 keys.
`

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Is a pointing device which is used to control the movement of a
mouse pointer on the screen to make selections from the screen.

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The central processing unit (CPU) contains electronic circuits
that cause processing to occur. The CPU interprets instructions
to the computer, performs the logical and arithmetic processing
operations, and causes the input and output operations to occur.
It is considered the “brain” of the computer.

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Memory also called Random Access Memory or RAM
(temporary memory) is the main memory of the computer. It
consists of electronic components that store data including
numbers, letters of the alphabet, graphics and sound. Any
information stored in RAM is lost when the computer is turned
off.
Read Only Memory or ROM is memory that is etched on a chip
that has start-up directions for your computer. It is permanent
memory.

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Output devices make the information
resulting from the processing available for
use. The two output devices more
commonly used are the printer and the
computer screen.
The printer produces a hard copy of your
output, and the computer screen produces a
soft copy of your output.

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Auxiliary storage devices are used to store data when
they are not being used in memory. The most
common types of auxiliary storage used on personal
computers are floppy disks, hard disks ,flash and CD-
ROM drives.

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 A compact disk (CD), also called an optical disc, is a flat
round, portable storage medium that is usually 4.75 inch in
diameter.
 A CD-ROM (read only memory), is a compact disc that used
the same laser technology as audio CDs for recording music.
In addition it can contain other types of data such as text,
graphics, and video.
 The capacity of a CD-ROM is 650 /700 MB of data.

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Computer software is the key to productive use of
computers. Software can be categorized into two
types:
 Operating system software

 Application software.

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Operating system software tells the computer how to perform the
functions of loading, storing and executing an application and how
to transfer data.
Today, many computers use an operating system that has a
graphical user interface (GUI) that provides visual clues such as
icon symbols to help the user. DOS (Disk Operating System) is an
older but still widely used operating system that is text-based.

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Application Software consists of programs that tell a computer
how to produce information. Some of the more commonly used
packages are:
 Word processing

 Electronic spreadsheet/excel

 Database

 Presentation graphics

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 Word Processing software is used to create and print
documents. A key advantage of word processing software
is that users easily can make changes in documents.

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 Electronic spreadsheet software allows the user to add,
subtract, and perform user-defined calculations on rows
and columns of numbers. These numbers can be changed
and the spreadsheet quickly recalculates the new results.

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 Allows the user to enter, retrieve, and update data in an
organized and efficient manner, with flexible inquiry and
reporting capabilities.

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 Presentation graphic software allows the user to create
documents called slides to be used in making the
presentations. Using special projection devices, the slides
display as they appear on the computer screen.

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Windows are a personal computer operating
system from Microsoft that, together with
some commonly used business applications
such as Microsoft Word and Excel,
Example of windows
Windows 3.0 and 3.11
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows Me
Windows XP
Windows Vista

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The Windows XP Desktop Above in fig 1.1 you can see an example of the
Windows XP desktop. When you first switch on your machine and
Windows XP loads, it will look similar to that shown in our example
(although Windows XP by default has a picture for the desktop
background).

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Desktop refers to the main background
area (in our example the white area). You
can customize your desktop in various
ways, including adding a background
picture, changing the background color,
and changing the size of the icons on the
desktop.

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 Changing screen resolution
in Windows XP
First right-click on the desktop and then left click on
Properties from the menu that appears.
The display properties dialogue box will appear as shown in
fig 1.1 below, click on the settings tab at the top right of the
box.

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Screen Resolution

This slide bar is what you use to change the

resolution, the options you have will depend
on your graphics card and monitor, but the
standard options are 800x600, 1024x768 and
1152x864.

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Introduction to the Windows Desktop Icons

Icons are small graphical images that can represent your

computer's programs, files, folders and printers amongst other
things

To activate the program/file/folder that an icon

represents you simply double click (two clicks in
quick succession) on it with the left mouse
button. This will activate the icon and either start
a program or open a file/folder.

The icons on your desktop can be renamed by

right clicking on them and selecting Rename
They can be deleted by right clicking and
selecting Delete
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you may have different icons including My
Documents and the recycle bin icon.

Recycle Bin
When you delete a file, Windows XP will place the file
into the recycle bin (instead of deleting it altogether),
this allows you to restore the file in case you deleted
it by mistake.

For example, if you deleted a file by accident you could

double click on the recycle bin icon to see its contents.
Inside you will see the file/folder that you deleted, to
restore the file back to where you deleted it from, right
click on it and then select restore from the menu that
appears.

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 The Win XP Start button
The start button (see fig 1.1) is a very
important part of Windows XP. Clicking on
the start button opens up what is called the
start menu, the start menu is used to access
your programs, settings
The Start Menu Overview

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In fig 1.1 above is an example of a typical start menu.

Here is an overview of the different options:

Log off - Log off the current user.

Turn Off Computer - shutdown, restart and standby.

All Programs - Access to installed programs.

Printers and Faxes - Access to your printers and faxes folder,

allows you to add and configure printers/faxes.

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Control Panel - The control panel is used to configure various
Windows XP settings.
My Computer - Gives you access to your computer's disk
drives and files. We will be looking more closely at the My
Computer function later in the tutorial.

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35
 Turn off computer

If you click on the Turn Off Computer option on the start menu you will
see a dialogue box like that shown in fig 1.2, below is a summary of the
options available:

Turn Off - Shuts down the PC, always use this option to turn off your
PC.
Restart - this will restart the computer
Standby - This will put your computer into standby mode. Windows XP
will power down components like the monitor and hard drive to preserve
energy.

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 The All Programs Menu

When you hover the mouse over All Programs on

the start menu, you will see a menu appear similar to
that shown in fig 1.3. The menu gives you to access
the programs currently installed on your PC.

Your menu will be different from our example, as you

will have different programs installed on your PC.

To open a program simply left click on it with the left

mouse button. Notice some options have a small
black arrow to the right hand side, this indicates that
it contains another sub-menu.

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For example, the accessories folder in our
example has a sub-menu, if you wanted to open
a program from within the sub-menu, you would
however the mouse pointer over accessories and
click on the program you want from the list that
appears.

You can rename any program on the menu by right

clicking on it and selecting rename from the
menu that appears.

After installing new software it will (usually)

appear on the programs menu.

To remove a program from the All programs

menu simply right click on it and select Delete

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