Topic Name

Maxwell’s Equation in
Matter

Presented By :- Pankaj Ghule

Nisha Sonkusare
Nikita Raut
Mrunali Bopche

M.SC 1st Sem.

Content:-
1) Introduction
2) General form of Maxwell Equations
3) Maxwell’s 1st Equation
4) Maxwell’s 2nd and 3rd Equation
5) Maxwell’s 4th Equation
6) Physical Significence
7) Difference Between General
Equation and Equation in Matter
 Introduction
The Maxwell equations are a set of four partial differential equations
that describe the spatial and temporal behavior of electric   and magnetic
fields. The sources of time-independent electric and magnetic fields are
the time-independent electric charge density  and the steady current
density  respectively. The study of electric and magnetic phenomena that
do not vary in time are called electrostatic and magnetostatic
respectively.

When the spatial distribution of charges and currents are time-

dependent new phenomena take place. In a time-varying situation, the
electric and magnetic fields depend on time and their temporal
derivatives become sources of the electromagnetic field besides   and   .

The electric and magnetic fields are vector quantities. A mathematical theorem due to
Helmholtz asserts that to completely determine a vector field  , it is enough to specify its
divergence  , and its curl (or rotational)  , whenever these quantities decrease to zero
sufficiently rapid at infinity. Maxwell equations precisely specify the divergence and
rotational of the electric and magnetic fields in terms of their sources.
 General form of Maxwell equations

Let’s recall here the Maxwell equations:

1)

2)

3)

4)
Maxwell’s 1st Equation
 Maxwell's 2nd and 3rd Equation

Maxwell's 2nd and 3rd Equation are not

affected by seperration of charge and current
into free and bound parts since they do not
involve and  , they remains as it is.
Maxwell’s 4th Equation
Therefore, in terms of free charge and
current, the above four equations gives fours
Maxwell's equation in matter, they are.
 Physical Significance of Maxwell’s Equation

 = ( 1st Equation )
1) It is steady state equation, it is independent of time.
2) According to this equation the flux lines of electric force
depend upon charge density.
 =0 ( 2nd Equation )
1) It is steady state equation.
2) According to this equation isolated magnetic pole do not
exist.
3) In equation, the equal number of lines of magnetic force
enter and leave a given Volume.
 = ( 3rd Equation )

1) It is time dependent equation varying with Time.

2) It gives the relation between electric field vector and
magnetic field Vector
3) It gives from faradan law.

 = ( 4th Equation )

1) It is time dependent equation.

2) It is relation between magnetic field and free current
density and is placement of vectors.
3) It gives from ampere Law.
Difference between General Equation and Equation
in Matter
Th
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