IV YEAR SEM-II

UNIT-I
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

BY
Ms.N.LAVANYA
Assistant Professor
ECE Dept.
 INTRODUCTION TO SENSOR NETWORKS

SENSOR :
Sensor is a device which measures physical
parameters like temperature, pressure,
relative humidity etc..,
 And also converts the physical quantity to
user observable quantity.
 Examples of sensors
Temperature sensor Pressure sensor

Humidity sensor
IR sensor
 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
Highly distributed networks of small,
lightweight wireless nodes deployed in large
numbers to monitor the environment or
system by the measurement of physical
parameters such as Temperature, Pressure,
Relative humidity etc..,
 SENSOR NODE
• Each sensor node consists of 3 subsystems
I. Sensor subsystem
II. Processing subsystem
III. Communication subsystem
• The two most important operations of sensor
network are
 Data gathering
 Data dissemination
Architecture Of Wireless Sensor Networks
 Unique Constraints in WSNs
i. Limited Hardware
 Limited storage
 Limited processing
 Limited bandwidth
 Short communication range
 Limited energy

ii. Limited support for networking

 peer to peer network
 Unreliable communication
 Dynamically changing

iii. Limited support for software development

 Unique Challenges in WSNs
1. Scalability
2. Energy
3. Communication
4. Fault-tolerance
5. Power consumption
6. Low cost sensor node
7. Precision
8. Robustness
9. Lifetime
10.Security
 Enabling technologies for WSNs
 Cost reduction
 Miniaturization
 Energy scavenging
 Advantages of WSNs
1. Energy advantage
2. Scalable
3. Flexible
4. Accessible through centralized
system
5. No need of wires and cables
6. Large scale applications
7. Security
8. Cost effective
9. Helpful in hostile environments
10. Long distance transmission
11. Hardware protection
 Applications of WSNs
1. Military surveillance and target tracking
2. Environment monitoring
 Air pollution monitoring
 Forest fire detection
 Land slide detection
 Water quality monitoring
 Natural disaster prevention
3. Health monitoring
4. Traffic control
5. Industrial monitoring
Military surveillance Target tracking

Forest fire detection

Land slide detection
Water quality monitoring Health monitoring

Traffic control Industrial monitoring

 Types of WSNs
Based on Application WSNs are classified as
1. Static and mobile WSNs
2. Deterministic and nondeterministic WSNs
3. Single Base station and Multi Base station WSNs
4. Static Base station and mobile Base station WSNs
5. Single hop and multi hop WSNs
6. Self reconfigurable and NonSelfreconfigurable
WSNs
7. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous WSNs
Static and Deterministic and nondeterministic WSNs

Single Base station WSNs

Multi Base station WSNs
 Single hop and multi hop WSNs

Static Base station and mobile Base station WSNs

Self reconfigurable and Homogeneous and Heterogeneous WSNs

NonSelfreconfigurable WSNs
 Types of WSNs

Depending on Environment WSNs are classified as

1. Terrestrial WSNs
2. Under ground WSNs
3. Under water WSNs
4. Multi-media WSNs
5. Mobile WSNs