myF - 3 kdntOr;rpAk; vz;zk;

Muha;jYk;
kdmikjp> mOj;jk; ,tw;wpy;
kdntOr;rpapd; gq;F
kdntOr;rp - czh;r;rp epiy

ghjpf;Fk; epfo;T>
gpbj;j #o;epiy
kdntOr;rp - cly; kd fpsh;r;rp
kdntOr;rpfspy; - mikjp
mOj;jk;;
kfpo;r;rp
kfpo;r;rpapd;ik Nghd;w
czh;rpfs; ngUk; gq;F ngWtJld;
- ,jak;
- tapW
- Fly; Mfpatw;wpd;
nray;ghLfspy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd.
nkf;^fy; -
kdntOr;rpfs; ,ay;G+f;fg;gb
cUthfpd;wd.
,ay;G+f;f elj;ij %d;W gFjpfis
cilaJ.
1.mwpjy;
2.czh;T nfhs;sy;
3.nray;gly;
 kdntOr;rpapd; tiffs;
n`uhy;L ~hy;];gh;f; - kdntOr;rp
%d;W ghpkhzq;fs;
1. kfpo;r;rp epiy - kfpo;r;rpaw;w epiy
2. ftdpg;G - Gwf;fzpg;G
3. nray;gL epiyapd; msT (cwf;fk;
,Wf;fk;)
 ehd;fhtJ ghpkhzk;
1. Fwpf;Nfhisf; nfhz;l kdntOr;rpfs;
(rpdk;> kfpo;r;rp> Jauk;> gak;)
2. Gyd; J}z;ly;fshy; vOg;gg;gLk;
kdntOr;rpfs; (typ> ntWg;G> kfpo;r;rp)
3. Rakjpg;G kw;Wk; tpUg;gq;fs;
Mfpatw;iwr; rhh;e;j kdntOr;rpfs;
(ngUkpjk;> mtkhdk;> Fw;w czh;T)
 ehd;fhtJ ghpkhzk;
4. gpwNuhL njhlh;Gila kdntOr;rpfs;
(gphpak;> Mw;whik> ghpjhgk;)
5. ghuhl;Lk; tpjkhd kdntOr;rpfs;
(mjprag;gLjy;> Mr;rhpag;gLjy;)
,k;khjphpahd NtWgl;l khWgl;l
kdntOr;rpfs; - xUth; tsUk; fhyj;jpy;
mthpd; mDgtq;fs; kw;Wk; fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;
tpraq;fisg; nghUj;J mikfpd;wd.
• kfpo;rp juf;$ba kdntOr;rpfs;
Neh;kiw kdntOr;rpfs;.

kdeyk; Nkk;gLk;
nray;jpwk; mjpfhpf;Fk;
• kfpo;rpaw;w epiyia cUthf;Fk;
kdntOr;rpfs; ‘vjph;kiw kdntOr;rpfs;’ -
msT kpFk;NghJ

clYk;> kdKk; NfLWk;

kdeyk; ghjpf;Fk; tha;g;Gk; cs;sJ.
• kdeyghjpg;G mjpfhpf;Fk;NghJ
kdg;Nghuhl;lq;fSk;> gpur;ridfSk;
mjpfhpf;fpd;wd.
• kdntOr;rpfis fl;Lf;Fs;
itj;jpUf;ff; fw;Wf; nfhs;tNj
fy;tpapd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fk; -
JizGhptJ - vz;zk; Muha;jy;
vz;zk; Muha;jy;
 vz;zk;

• kdk; ntsp epfo;r;rpfs;

kw;Wk; nghUl;fNshL
njhlh;G nfhz;L Vw;nfdNt
ngw;Ws;s mDgtj;NjhL
xg;gpl;Lf; fzpj;jiy
‘vz;zk;’ vd;fpNwhk;.
 vz;zk;
1. jd; ,af;fj;jpw;Fk; gpw ,af;fj;jpw;Fk;>
2. xU nghUSf;Fk; kw;nwhU nghUSf;Fk;>
3. Xh; ,af;fj;jpw;Fk; kw;w Xh; ,af;fj;jpw;Fk;>
4. Kd;G czh;e;jtw;wpw;Fk; jw;NghJ
czh;tjw;Fk;>

,ilNa cs;s Ntw;Wikfis xg;Gtik

czh;thy; ehd;F msitfshy; fzpj;jy;
 fzpjk;

fhyk;> J}uk;> gUkd;> Ntfk;

fzpj;jy;

vz;Zjy;

vz;zk;
(vDk; xU kd ,af;fk;)
kdij mjd; jdpg;gl;l

,af;fr; rpwg;igf;

Fwpj;J

vz;zk;

vd;fpNwhk;.
 capuhw;wy;

jw;Row;rp

fhe;j miy

Gyd;fs; %yk; nray;

czu;jy; fzpj;jy;

capu;Jfspy; gjpT
 kd miyr;Roy; vz;zk;

• ve;j vz;zKk; xU Kiw Njhd;wptpl;lhy;>

mJ kdjpYk;> %isapYk; gjpe;J>
kdk; ,aq;Fk; NghJ me;j vz;zk;
kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; gpujpgypf;Fk;.
kdk; ,aq;Fk; epiyfs;

Nfhrq;fs;
1. md;dka Nfhrk;

2. kNdhka Nfhrk;

3. gpuhzka Nfhrk;

4. tpQ;Qhdka Nfhrk;

5. Mde;jka Nfhrk;
 fUikak;
gU cly; - tpj;J ikak;
R+f;Fk cly; - capu; ikak; %d;Wk;
,ize;jJ
fhuz cly; - fhe;j ikak;

fUikak;
 ey;y vz;zk;
• Xh; vz;zk; jdf;Nfh> gpwUf;Nfh>
jw;fhyj;jpNyh> gpw;fhyj;jpNyh clYf;Nfh>
kdjpw;Nfh> mwptpw;Nfh Jd;gk;
tpistpf;fhky; ,Ue;jhy; ey;y vz;zk;.
 Jd;gk; juhj vz;zq;fs; ey;y vz;zq;fs;
 Jd;gk; jUgit jPa vz;zq;fs;
 vz;zj;ij Muha;r;rpapYk; J}a;ikapYk;
itj;jpUg;gtd; Qhdp.
‘vz;zpanty;yhk; vz;zpagbNa ahFk;
vz;zj;jpy; cWjpAk; xOq;Fk; mike;jpby;’
- kfup~p
vz;zj;jpd; rpwg;G
vz;zj;jpd; jd;ik

kdjpd; jd;ik

kdpjdpd; jd;ik
(Personality)
 gjpTfs;
czu;r;rp> Njit> Kaw;rp> nray;> tpisT>
mDNghfk;> mDgtk;

VO gbepiyfs;

clw;fUtpfs; ,af;fk;

nray; gjpT
 gjpTfs;

Muha;r;rp> njspT> KbT

%d;W gbepiyfs;
%is nry;fisf; nfhz;L

mwptpd; ,af;fk;

tpsf;fg; gjpT
 vz;zk; vof; fhuzq;fs;
Njit

gof;fk;

#o;epiy
 vz;zk; vof; fhuzq;fs;

gpwh;kdj;J}z;Ljy;

fUtikg;G

nja;tPfk;
vz;zk; Muha;jy; gapw;rp

• Jhpajtk; nra;j gpd; ekJ vz;zq;fis thpirg;gLj;j

Ntz;Lk;.
• vz;zq;fs; ve;j tifapy; Njhd;Wfpd;wd vd;W Muha
Ntz;Lk;.
 ey;y vz;zq;fs; Njhd;wpdhy; epiwNtw;w
tha;g;G ,Uf;fpwjh vd Muha;e;J jpl;lkpl;L
epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk;.
jPa vz;zq;fs; Njhd;wpdhy; rq;fy;gk;
nra;J khw;wpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
 vz;zk; Muha;jy; gapw;rp
vz;zk; vof; fhuzq;fs;
t.
vz;zq;fs; 1 4 5
vz; tpisT
2 3 gpwh;kdj fU 6 ed;ikah?
Njit gof;fk; #o;epiy ;J}z;Ljy; mikg;G nja;tPfk; jPikah? KbT

                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
 vz;zk; ew;gadhf
vz;zj;ij vz;zj;jhy; vz;zp vz;zp

vz;zj;jpd; ,Ug;gplKk; ,ay;Gk; fz;L

vz;zj;ij vz;zj;jpy; epiyf;fr; nra;jhy;

vz;zNk gof;fj;jhy; njspe;J NghFk;

vz;zkJ vOk;NghNj ,J Vd; vd;W

vz;zj;jhy; Muha;e;jhy;> Rygkhf

vz;zj;jpd; fhuzKk; tpisTk; fhZk;

vOk; vz;zk; ahTk; ew;gadha; khWk;.

 ,yf;F eph;zapj;jy;
• kdpj ,dj;jpd; ,uz;L mw;Gjkhd jpwd;fs;
1. fdT fhZjy; (J}f;fk;> tpopg;G ,uz;bYk;)
2. mf;fdTfis edthf;Fjy;.
• fdT - ,ay;ghdJ
• fdit edthf;f - ty;yik kpf;f Kaw;rp
Njit
 ,yf;F eph;zapj;jy;
• ,yf;F eph;zapj;jy; vd;gJ nray;jpl;lk;
xd;NwhL ,ize;j vOj;J tbtpy; ntspaplg;gLk;
fdthFk;. Mq;fpyj;jpy;>
• SMART GOAL - vd;ghh;fs;.
• S – Specific - Fwpg;gpl;l
• M – Measurable - mstplf;$ba
• A – Attainable - milaf;$ba
• R – Realistic - ep[khd
• T - Tangible - njspthd
 ,yf;F eph;zapj;jy;
• ,yf;F eph;zapj;jy; xU rpukkpy;yhj vspikahd
fhhpaNk. rpwpJ mff;fhl;rpAk; mbg;gilahd rpy
topKiwfisg; gpd;gw;WjYk; kl;LNk ntw;wpf;fhd
gbfshFk;.
fdT ,yf;F nray;jpl;lk; rhjid
 ,yf;F eph;zapj;jy;
• ,yf;fpd; kPJ vg;NghJk; ftdk;
• ,yf;if miltij mff;fhl;rpahf fhZjy;
• Cf;fk;> cw;rhfk;
• tplhKaw;rp> fLk; ciog;G>
 jd;dk;gpf;if
• ntw;wpf;F Kjy; vjphp gak;jhd;.
• Njhy;tp> nkhopg;Gyik> Ngr;Rj;jpwik> ,og;G
gw;wpa gak; - ntw;wpf;F jil
• jPh;T - jtKk; Vida gapw;rpfSk;.
• jd;dk;gpf;ifiaf; iff;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
jd;dk;gpf;ifia tsh;j;Jf;
nfhs;Sk; Kiwfs;
1. cWjp nfhz;l nray;fisr; nray;gLj;JtJ>
2. rthyhd nray;fis nra;jy; - $Ljyhf ciof;f
jahuhf ,Uj;jy;>
3. jq;fsJ jtiw xj;Jf; nfhs;tJk;> mjpypUe;J
ghlk; fw;Wf;nfhs;s tpiotJk;.
4. ghuhl;Lf;fis kdKte;J Vw;Wf;nfhs;tJ
 Kaw;rpiag; nghWj;Nj ntw;wp fpl;Lk;>

 Njhw;wk; cly; mirT ,tw;wpy; ftdk;

nfhs;sy;>
 ve;jr; #o;epiyapYk; gpur;ridfis vjph;nfhs;s
cWjpAld; ,Uq;fs;.
 gyj;ij milahsk; fz;L tsh;j;Jf; nfhs;sTk;>
Kiwahfg; gad;gLj;jTk; fw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.
 cLj;Jk; cilAk; jd;dk;gpf;ifia

cah;j;Jk;>
 cld; ,Ug;gth;fis ghuhl;l
fw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;>
 ePq;fs; kw;wth;fSf;F vijj;
jUfpwPh;fNsh mJNt cq;fSf;F
fpilf;Fk;.
 epidthw;wy;
fw;wtw;iw kdj;jpy; ,Uj;jp> jpUk;gTk;
Njitg;gLk;NghJ mtw;iw ntspg;gLj;Jk;
Mw;wy; (Memory) - epidT Mw;wy; my;yJ
(epidT $h;jy;)
 epidT $h;jypd; gb epiyfs;
1. fw;wy; my;yJ kdg;ghlk; nra;jy; -
(Memerizing)
2. ,Uj;jp itj;jy; - (Retention)
3. ntspg;gLj;Jjy; - (Retrieval)
 epidthw;wy; tiffs;
1. GydwpT epidT
( Sentory Memory )

2. FWfpa fhy epidT

( Short Term Memory )

3.ePz;l fhy epidT

( Long Term Memory )
 GydwpT epidT
XhpU tpehbfs; kl;LNk
ePbf;Fk; Gyd; czh;Tfis
(fhl;rpfs;> xypfs;>
thridfs;> njhL czh;T)
epidT nfhs;sy; GyDzh;T
epidthFk;.
 FWfpa fhy epidT
kpf mz;ikapy; ele;j epfo;r;rpfis rpwpJ
fhyk; epidtpy; itj;jy;
(v.fh) ez;ghpd; njhiyNgrp vz;iz mthplk;
Ngrp Kbj;jTld; kwe;J tpLtJ.
 ePz;l fhy epidT
ePz;l ehl;fs; ekJ epidtpy;
,Ug;gijNa ePz;l fhy
epidT vd;fpNwhk;.
(v.fh) rpW tajpy; fw;w
ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghL> kzehs;>
gpwe;j ehs; Nghd;wit.
 epidTf; Fwpg;G EZf;fq;fs;

fw;wtw;iw kdjpy; ,Uj;jp itj;J

kPz;Lk; ntspf;nfhzUk; Kiwfs;
kPl;Lf; nfhzHjy; (Recall)

kPl;Lzh;jy; (Recognition)
 epidthw;wypd; ,ay;Gfs;
tpiuT

Jy;ypak;

fhy msT

vspjhf ntspf; nfhzh;jy;

gad;gLj;jf;$ba jd;ik
 epidT tPr;R
xUKiw ghHj;j gpd; ghHj;j
nghUl;fspy; vj;jid nghUl;fis
epidTgLj;jpf; $w KbANkh mJ
epidT tPr;R.
 epidthw;wiy Nkk;gLj;Jk; cj;jpfs; my;yJ
epidthw;wy; gapw;rp
1. fw;f Ntz;L;k; vd;w Mh;tk; - Cf;fk;
2. nghUSzh;e;J fw;wy; - ePz;lehs;
epidtpypUj;jy;.
3. vij fw;gjw;Fk; SQ 3R Kiw
NkNyhl;lk; tpLjy; (Survey)
tpdh vOg;Gjy; (Questioning)
tha;tpl;Lg; gbj;jy; (Recite)
gyKiw jpUk;gf; fw;wy; (Repeat)
kPs;ghh;it (Review) kpfr; rpwe;jJ.
epidthw;wiy Nkk;gLj;Jk; cj;jpfs; my;yJ
epidthw;wy; gapw;rp
4. xg;gpj;jy; Kiw - rpWFoe;ijfs;
5. ,ilntsp tpl;L> rpWfr; rpWf fw;wy;
6. jpUk;gj; jpUk;g fw;wy;
7. Vw;fdNt fw;wtw;NwhL njhlh;G gLj;jpf;
fw;wy;
8. fw;Fk; nghUl;fSf;F ,ilNa nraw;ifj;
njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpf; fw;wy;
epidthw;wiy Nkk;gLj;Jk; cj;jpfs; my;yJ
epidthw;wy; gapw;rp
9. gy Gyd;fs; topf;fw;wy; (Multi sensory
learning)
10. fw;Fk; NghJ mt;tg;NghJ Nrhjpj;jwpjy;
- fw;wgpd; cwq;FtJk;> Xa;ntLj;jYk;.
11. fw;Fk; nra;jpfis Kiwg;gLj;jpr;
rPuikj;jy; - ,f;fUj;ij typAWj;jpath; -
khz;l;yh; vd;w cstpay; mwpQh;.
tho;j;Jk; gaDk;
 miyapaf;fk;

• gpwh; eykhf tho Ntz;Lk; vd;w

vz;zj;ij ‘tho;f tsKld;’ nrhy; %yk;
ntspg;gLj;JtNj tho;j;jhFk;.
 tho;j;J nray;gLk; tpjk;
xUtiu tho;j;Jk;NghJ tho;j;Jgthpd;
rPtfhe;j miy> tho;j;jg;gLgthpd;
rPtfhe;j miyNahL xUkpj;J tpLfpwJ.
tho;j;Jg; ngWgthplk; clNdNa
tpisTfis Vw;gLj;Jk;.
tho;j;Jf;fs; Ez;zpa kdepiyapy;
gpwf;fpd;wd.
 tho;j;Jk; tpjk;
jtj;jpy; kdk; Ez;zpa miy ,af;fkhd My;gh
miy (8-13/tp)

%isapd; Ez;zpa nry;fs; ,af;fk;

tho;j;J miy mjpf tYTilaJ.

tpUk;gpa tpisitg; ngWfpNwhk;.

 tho;j;Jk; tpjk;

wmhõ 4 – BÀ£õ 8&13 ¥mhõ 14 – 40

7 Aø»a _ÇÀ Aø»a_ÇÀ Aø»a_ÇÀ w¯
|À» Gsn[PÒ Gsn[PÒ

58
tho;j;J miy

NkhJjy;
gpujpgypj;jy;
rpjWjy;
CLWTjy;
,uz;Lf;Fk; ,ilNa ClhLjy;
 tho;j;J miy
• ,U egh;fSf;fpilNa caph;;f;fyg;G
Vw;gLfpwJ.
• ,UtUf;fpilNaAk; mjd;
jd;ikfis mspj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.
 jd;tho;j;J - rq;fy;gk;
mUl;Nguhw;wy; fUizapdhy;
cly;eyk;
ePshAs;
epiwnry;tk;
cah;Gfo;
nka;Q;Qhdk;
Xq;fp tho;Ntd;
vd;W jdf;Fs;shfNt nrhy;tJ jd;tho;j;J
MFk;.
 gpwiu tho;j;Jjy;
• tho;f;ifj;Jiz
• Foe;ijfs;
• rNfhju rNfhjhpah;
• neUq;fpa cw;whh; cwtpdh;
• ez;gh;fs;
• njhopypy; cjtp GhpNthh;
• vjphpfshf epidg;Nghh;
• cyf kf;fs; midtUk;
 gpwiu tho;j;Jjy;
• vy;NyhiuAk; tho;j;j Ntz;Lk;.
• gaDzh;e;J tho;j;j Ntz;Lk;.
• tho;j;J tho;j;JgtiuAk;> tho;j;Jg;
ngWgtiuAk; cah;j;Jk;.
• kw;wth;f;Fk; eykspf;Fk;.
• ke;jpuk; Nguhw;wYilaJ.
• ngUeyk; tpistpf;f ty;yJ.
• cyf kf;fs; eyk; ngw tho;j;JNthk;.
• tho;Nthk; tsKld;
mz;ik njhopy; EZf;fq;fisf;
ifahSjy;
(Managing Latest
Technologies)
 mz;ik njhopy; EZf;fq;fisf; ifahSjy;

• fbdkhdJk;>
• epr;rakw;wJk;>
• cly;tY>
• mff; fhl;rp
• ngUk;jpwd;fs;
• ijhpak;
mz;ik njhopy; EZf;fq;fisf; ifahSjy;

• nray;jpl;lj; jiyth;: ty;Ydh; - FO

Kaw;rp
• ,yf;Ffs; eph;zapj;jy;:

• tpsf;ff; Fwpg;Ngl;il ed;F gbj;Jf;

nfhs;stJ.
• Nrhjid nra;jy;
mz;ik njhopy; EZf;fq;fisf; ifahSjy;

• Gjpa njhopy;El;gf; fUtpia cs;sJ cs;sthNw

mtuth;fSila gad;ghl;bw;F ,izj;Jf; nfhs;tJ.

• tpsf;ff; Fwpg;Ngl;il RUf;fp ntspaplTk;.

my;yJ vspik gLj;Jjy;

• Gjpa fUtpia ,af;Ftjw;Fg; gapw;rp

 mz;ik njhopy; EZf;fq;fisf; ifahSjy;

• ntw;wp / Njhy;tpapypUe;J fw;W nfhs;sy;

• ghpkhw;wKk; xUq;fpizg;Gk; - jfty;
ghpkhw;wk; - mbf;fb $l;lq;fs; elj;jp
gpur;ridfisAk;> rpukq;fisAk; fye;JiuahLjy;
• khw;W jpl;lk; xd;iwf; nfhz;bUj;jy; - ve;j
#o;epiyiaAk; vjph;f;nfhs;sj; jahuhf ,Uj;jy;.
 kpd;dZtpay; njhopy;El;g
tsh;r;rpAk; jhf;fq;fSk;

• njhopy;El;g tsh;r;rp
• njhiyf;fhl;rp ngl;b
rpWth; Kjy; nghpath;
tiu nrytplf;$ba Neuk;
mjpfk;.
 kpd;dZtpay; njhopy;El;g
tsh;r;rpAk; jhf;fq;fSk;
• fw;gidf; fhl;rp - jhDk; mjid eilKiw
gLj;jNth> nray;gLj;jNth KaYk; rhj;jpaf;$W.
 kpd;dZtpay; njhopy;Dl;g
tsh;r;rpAk; jhf;fq;fSk;
• ePz;lNeuk; ghh;g;gjhy; fz;fs; NfLWjy; -
mjpf rg;jj;jhy; fhJfs; ghjpf;fg;gLjy;.
• Foe;ijfsplKs;s ,aw;ifahd nja;tpfj; jd;ikNa
khwptpLfpwJ.
 kpd;dZtpay; njhopy;El;g
tsh;r;rpAk; jhf;fq;fSk;
• ,izajs trjp - fy;tp> kUj;Jtk;>
njhiyj;njhlh;G> nghJr;Nrit - mjpf gad;ghL
• jfty; njhopy;El;gk; - fzpdpapy; xU
rpwg;ghd gFjp
• tpQ;Qhd Kd;Ndw;wk; -
kpd;rhu ,ae;jpuq;fs;> kpd;dZtpay; fUtpfs; -
kdpj ciog;G FiwT.
• njhiyj; njhlh;G rhjdq;fs;
• /Ngf;];
• ,.nkapy;
• fk;gpapy;yh njhiyNgrpfs;
• ifNgrpfs;
• thl;];mg;
• /Ng];Gf;
• A+ - l;A+g;
- ciog;G FiwT
- Mlk;gukhd tho;T
- Fiwe;j clypaf;fk;
- cly; eykw;w epiy
tho;f tsKld;