Sectioning and Types of

Sections
GRAPHICS COMMUNICATION WITH ENGINEERING DRAWING

Object
Orthographic
Projection
Dimensioning

Working
drawing Orthographic
projection
(convention)
No
Clear ? Section Views

Yes Section views

convention
Finish
Section Views
 What is a section view?
→ See inside an object.

 Why section view?

→ Complex interior geometry.
→ Clarify the interior construction
→ Can’t clearly described by hidden lines
→ Facilitate the dimensioning

 The idea:
→ Make an imaginary cut
→ Removing a portion
→ Inside is seen more clearly.
3
 Creating a Section View
 The part is cut using an imaginary cutting plane.
 The unwanted portion is mentally discarded exposing the
interior construction.
 Section Example
Sectional view label

Notice how the

cut material is
shown.

Notice how the

cutting plane is
indicated.
Lines Used in Section Views
 Cutting Plane Line: Used to show where the object is
being cut.
→ (Phantom line type)
Lines Used in Section Views Section
Lines
Shows where
(hatch)
the part is being
cut.

Arrows point to
the portion being
kept.
Lines Used in Section Views

8
Lines Used in Section Views
 Section Lines (cross hatch): indicate
where the cutting plane cuts the material.
→ Section lines are thin lines.
→ Section line symbols are chosen according
to the material of the object
→ Section lines are generally drawn at a 45
angle.
Lines Used in Section Views
 Common Cross Hatch Symbols
 Lines Used in Section Views
 Section Lines Techniques:

 Directions of Section Lines:

Not parallel or
perpendicular
to contour of
the view.

11
 Rules of Sectioning
Rule 1:
A section
lined (hatched)
area is always
completely
bounded by a
visible outline.
 Rules of Sectioning
Rule 2:
The section
lines (hatch) in all
areas should be
parallel.
Section lines shown
in opposite
directions indicate a
different part.
 Rules of Sectioning
Rule 3: All the visible edges behind the
cutting plane should be shown.
 Rules of Sectioning
Rule 4:
Hidden features
should be omitted in all
areas of a section view.
Exceptions include
threads and broken out
sections.
Rules of Sectioning

16
Types of Sections
 Type depends on
→ Situation
→ Information to be conveyed

 Types of sections
→Full Section
→Half Section
→Offset Section
→etc …

17
Full Section
 Cutting plane passes fully through object.
→ Used in many cases to avoid having to
dimension hidden lines.

18
 Half Section
expose interior of
half of an object
retains exterior of
other half
  Half Section
Centerline separates
halves.

Hidden lines not

shown on either half

Used mainly for:

1. symmetric objects
2. assembly drawings.
Offset Section
 Produced by bending the cutting plane to show features
that don’t lie in the same plane
Aligned Section
 To include angled
elements the cutting
plane may be bent so
that it passes through
those features.
Conventions of Revolution
 Features are
revolved to the
projection
plane, and
then projected
over.
Rib and Web Sections
 To avoid a false
No section
impression of lines in cut
thickness and area of
solidity, ribs and web

webs are not

sectioned.
Cutting
plane
passes
through
the web
Rib and Web Sections
 If the cutting
Section
plane passes lines in cut
crosswise through area of
the rib or web, we web

include section
lines.

Cutting
plane passes
through the
web
Non – Sectioned Parts
 It is common practice to show standard parts 'in the round' or
un-sectioned.

→ Screws
→ Nuts

→Bolts

→ Shafts
→ Rivets
Thin Sections
 For extremely thin parts of less than 4 mm thickness, the parts
should be shown in solid black or without section lines.

→ Washers
→ Sheet metal

→ Gaskets