PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER

(lesson 2)
Presented by: Mrs. Saima
Review (last lesson)
Describe the structure of solids, liquids and gases in terms
of particle separation, arrangement and types of motion
State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and
gases
• Describe and explain diffusion (1 core)
• Describe evidence for the movement of particles in gases
and liquids (1 core)

 Describe changes of state in terms of melting, boiling,
evaporation, freezing, condensation and sublimation
Explain changes of state in terms of the kinetic
theory
Describe the structure of solids, liquids and gases in terms of particle separation, arrangement and types of
motion
Describe and explain diffusion

Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of

high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Diffusion happens in liquids and gases because their
particles move randomly from place to place.

What causes diffusion?

In gases and liquids, particles move randomly from place
to place. The particles collide with each other or with their
container. This makes them change direction. Eventually,
the particles are spread through the whole container.
Diffusion happens on its own, without stirring, shaking or
wafting (move with a gliding movement).
 OBJECTIVES ( lesson 2)
Describe and explain diffusion
Describe and explain dependence of rate of
diffusion on molecular mass
Describe the heating and cooling curves
Describe qualitatively the pressure and
temperature of a gas in terms of the motion
of its particles
 RATE OF DIFFUSION AND
MOLECULAR MASS
THINK:
If you roll a heavy ball and lighter ball with same force,
which will move faster
If there are two gases, one with lighter molecules and
other with heavier particles/molecules; whose particles
will be moving faster
Molecular mass of gas A is 17 and gas B is 36.5. which
will diffuse out faster from a container with a pin hole.
RATE OF DIFFUSION AND MOLECULAR
MASS

 Molecular mass of HCl is

higher than that of NH3
hence it diffuses to a
smaller distance whereas
ammonia (NH3) which has
lighter molecules
 Describe the heating and
cooling curves

A heating or cooling curve is the

graph of temperature and time 140
when a substances is heated or 120
cooled.
100
It involves state changes and helps
determine the melting point and 80
boiling point of a substance 60
When a substance changes state,
40
the temperature of the substance
stays same until all of it has 20
changed to the other state. As a
0
result there is a flat/horizontal 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
section in the graph when there is -20
a state change. -40
 Describe the heating and
cooling curves
TIME/MINUTES TEMPERATURE/CELCIUS

0 -20
140
5 -10
120
10 0
100
15 0

20 20
80

25 40 60
30 60 40
35 80 20
40 100
0
45 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
-20
50 110
-40
55 115

60 125
Describe the heating and cooling curves
Describe the heating and cooling curves
Describe the heating and cooling curves
Describe qualitatively the pressure and temperature of a
gas in terms of the motion of its particles
Gas molecules are in
constant random
motion. As they move
randomly, they hit each
other and with the the
walls of container. The
collisions with the walls
of container exerts on a
force hence the pressure
on the walls.
 How the temperature and volume affect the pressure.

The rapid motion and collisions of

molecules with the walls of the
container causes pressure (force on
a unit area). Pressure is
proportional to the number of
molecular collisions and the
force of the collisions in a
particular area.
•The more collisions of gas
molecules with the walls, the higher
the pressure.
•Harder the collisions, which means
higher the energy of molecules,
higher will be the pressure
Homework:
Answer questions 2,4,5 and 8 from check up chapter 1
Write the questions numbers and type answers in the
moodle task/assignment window.
Due date: Monday 12:00 noon/pm