CELL DIVISION

MITOSIS
 CELL DIVISION

• Cell division is an essential aspect of life. It enables a

multicellular organism to grow and reach the adult size,
replaces worn-out or damage cells, and keeps the total
number cells in an adult organism relatively constant.
 TWO KINDS OF CELL DIVISION

• MITOSIS (Division of somatic cells)

• MEIOSIS (Division of gametes or sex cells)
 IMPORTANT PARTS OF MITOSIS

• Nucleus
• Chromosomes
• Centriole
• Spindle fiber
 1. NUCLEUS

• The largest organelle in

animal cell.
• Organelle where DNA
is located.
 2. CHROMOSOMES

• Bearer of hereditary
components called
DNA.
 3. CENTRIOLE AND SPINDLE

• A minute cylindrical
organelle near the nucleus
in animal cells, occurring
in pairs and involved in the
development of spindle
fibers in cell division.
 REASONS FOR MITOSIS

• Growth
• Repairing or healing
• Asexual reproduction
 CELL DIVISION BY MITOSIS

• Cells division varies widely.

• Some cells divide constantly: cells the embryo, skin
cells, gut lining, etc.
• Other cells that divide rarely or never.
• Mitosis creates two identical cells.
 CELL CYCLE

• The cell cycle has four

main stages.
• Cell cycle is a regular
pattern of growth, DNA
replication, and cell
division in eukaryotic
cells.
 CELL CYCLE

• Originally divided into

two stages: interphase
and mitosis.
• But, improved techniques
and tools later allowed
scientist to identify “four
distinct stages.”
 A. INTERPHASE

• Longest phase in cell

cycle.
• It includes Gap 1 (G1),
Synthesis (S), and Gap 2
(G2).
 A.1 Gap 1 or G1

• Cells carries out normal

function.
• Cell begins to increase in
size.
• Organelles increase in
numbers.
 A.2 Synthesis or S-stage
• Cell makes a copy of its
nuclear DNA.
• “Synthesis” means the
combining of parts to make a
whole.
• By the end of S-stage, cell
nucleus contains two complete
sets of DNA.
 A.3 Gap 2 or G2
• Cell carries out normal
functions.
• Additional growth occurs.
• Critical checkpoint (before
cell goes to mitosis, cell must
be adequate in size and
undamaged DNA.)
 B. MITOSIS (CELL DIVISION)

• Mitosis produces two

genetically identical cells.
• Mitosis referred as
process of PMAT stages:
Prophase, Metaphase,
Anaphase, and Telophase.
 B.1 Prophase

• Prophase is the starting point of cell division.

• Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
• Nucleolus disappears.
• Nuclear envelope breaks apart.
 B.1 Prophase

• The chromosomes become visible.

• Centrioles move to two opposite poles of the cell.
• The spindle fibers begin to form.
PROPHASE
 B.2 METAPHASE

• The chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell or

the “metaphase plate.”
• Centrioles are positioned at the two opposite poles of
the cell and spindle fibers are attached to the
centromere of the chromosome.
METAPHASE
 B.3 Anaphase

• In anaphase, centromere divides.

• Chromosomes break at centromeres, and sister
chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell.
ANAPHASE
ANAPHASE
 B.4 Telophase

• Telophase is where nucleus divides.

• The chromosomes are at the two opposite sides of the
cell.
• The nuclear envelope re-forms around the two sets of
chromosomes.
TELOPHASE
TELOPHASE
 CYTOKINESIS
• The division of cytoplasm.
• The cytoplasm, organelles,
and nuclear materials are
evenly split and two new
cells are formed.