DYNAMOMETER , ANALYSIS

OF DYNAMOMETER

Introduction

Primary goals

Areas of growth

Timeline

Summary

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 DYNAMOMETER
A dynamometer, or "dyno" for short, is a device for measuring force,
moment of force (torque), or power. For example, the power
produced by an engine, motor or other rotating prime mover can be
calculated by simultaneously measuring torque and rotational
speed (rpm).

Presentation title 2
 Applications for Dynamometers
In addition to being used to determine the torque or power characteristics of a machine under test
(MUT), dynamometers are employed in a number of other roles. In standard emissions testing cycles
such as those defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), dynamometers are used to
provide simulated road loading of either the engine (using an engine dynamometer) or full powertrain
(using a chassis dynamometer). In fact, beyond simple power and torque measurements, dynamometers
can be used as part of a testbed for a variety of engine development activities such as the 
calibration of engine management controllers, detailed investigations into combustion behavior and
tribology.

In an engine dynamometer, water flow, proportional to the desired applied load, creates resistance to the
engine. A controlled water flow through the inlet manifold is directed at the center of the rotor in each
absorption section. This water is then expelled to the outer dynamometer body by centrifugal force. As it
is directed outward, the water is accelerated into pockets on the stationary stator plates where it is
decelerated. The continual acceleration and deceleration causes the dynamometer to absorb the power
produced by the engine. Through this transfer of energy the water is heated and discharged.

Presentation title 3
 Dynamometer Uses
• Emission Testing
• Emission testing measures the emissions and power of a motor when it is on the road. The results
of the testing are compared to chassis tests. A dynamometer for this purpose is portable and
placed on the vehicle with devices for measuring emissions, performance, and driving. The data is
downloaded to a chassis dynamometer to produce the loads that were seen on the road test.
Required real time compensations include grades, wind, temperature, and altitude.
• Motor Testing
• Motor testing using a dynamometer takes place in a controlled setting. The vehicle to be tested is
placed on roller beds, which provide the driving force to the wheels, with the motor’s torque being
the primary source of power. Data recording and collecting devices are attached to the vehicle that
establishes a controlled, accurate, and precise set of readings about the motor. The nature of the
setting allows for control of the amount of force that can be distributed using a variety of methods
as well as the speed. Measurements are taken at static power at a constant velocity.

Presentation title 4
• Medical Testing
• In the medical field, practitioners need to know the muscle strength of a patient to determine
mobility and the ability for self-care. Hand held dynamometers provide data regarding a patient's
ability to hold a standard position. The testing includes a length tension of a muscle, which is the
relationship between maximum tension versus the length of the muscle. For the best results, the
muscle is tested in its maximum length tension position.
• Hand Strength Testing
• A specialized form of dynamometer is a hand strength tester that is used to measure the amount
of loss of muscle strength in the hands. The reasons and concerns regarding hand testing include
carpal tunnel syndrome, nerve and tendon damage, and various forms of neuromuscular
disorders. Hand strength dynamometers serve a variety of purposes, such as diagnosing diseases,
evaluating treatments, and providing data regarding the improvement of muscle strength during
recovery.
• Speedometer Dynamometer
• A speedometer is a form of dynamometer that uses electromagnetism to provide data. A metal
disc that is connected by a cable to the wheels of a car causes a magnet to rotate inside a metal
cup. While the magnet is rotating, it creates eddy currents that work to slow down the magnet. In
the process, the cup rotates and produces a speed reading by making the needle on the
speedometer move or creating a digital readout

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 Types of Dynamometers
The various types of dynamometers are designed to be attached to a machine to apply a breaking force to
calculate the RPMs of the machine. The main types of dynamometers are absorption or passive and universal.
The absorption type is used for driving purposes, while the universal type is for absorption and driving.
Though the general definition of dynamometers breaks into the two types, under each type are a wide variety of
specialized dynamometers designed to perform a specific form of test to meet the needs of an application. The
description of dynamometer types consists of a long list of devices designed to provide information and data.

• Absorption Dynamometers
• Absorption dynamometers create torque by placing constraints on a turning shaft through mechanical or fluid
friction or electromagnetic induction. The torque inducing components are arranged in pairs such that the
effects of a transverse load is avoided. Absorption dynamometers are very accurate and are used where
continuous transmission of the load is required.
• The purpose of absorption dynamometers is to measure and absorb power. Eddy current, hydraulic, and Prony
dynamometers use the power absorption principles as their means of measurement.
• Alternating Current (AC) Dynamometer
• An AC dynamometer applies power to an engine and absorbs power, such as braking force, from the driveshaft.
This permits the dynamometer to simulate the external forces on the engine. AC dynamometers can use direct
current (DC) as well as AC and can be a load or prime mover to measure rotational power and torque. The
prime mover can be an electric motor, or a turbine driven by wind, water, or steam. It is a simple testing device
that can provide a range of torque values.
• AC dynamometers are a convenient method for developing a comparison between actual execution and design
specifications. They have been a major step in improving marketable products and enhancing product life and
performance. 6
 • Chassis Dynamometers
• Chassis dynamometers are torque measuring devices that measure what is produced by the
movement of a vehicle's wheels. They are available in fixed configurations or portable units. The
purpose of chassis dynamometers is to simulate road conditions, including all the forces that
attack a vehicle during operation. The test includes accelerating, braking, and decelerating the test
vehicle to get the necessary data. There are several designs of chassis dynamometers designed to
test several driving conditions and challenges for vehicles.
• Driving Dynamometer
• A driving dynamometer is used to determine what type of a motor is necessary to operate an
engine or electric motor. The components of a driving dynamometer include a motor with
measuring meters and monitors that are attached to the device to be measured. The readings
from the monitoring equipment supply information regarding how much power, force, and speed
are being used.
• Eddy Current Dynamometer
• An eddy current dynamometer measures the torque and power of the prime mover, which is a
motor or engine. The rotor turns by the force of the prime mover shaft, and voltage is applied to
the stator housing. Magnetic flux is generated, which is cut off by the rotor. An eddy current that is
opposite to the change in the magnetic flux is generated in the rotor. The rotor attempts to contain
and reduce the rotational speed, while the prime mover maintains speed using its torque. The
amount of torque is measured by an eddy current dynamometer. There are a wide range of
functions that use eddy current dynamometers including various turbines and mining and drilling
equipment.
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 Classification of Absorption Dynamometers The following two types of absorption
dynamometers are important from the subject point of view : 1. Prony brake dynamometer, and
2. Rope brake dynamometer.
Prony Brake Dynamometer - A simplest form of an absorption type dynamometer is a prony brake dynamometer. It consists of two
wooden blocks placed around a pulley fixed to the shaft of an engine whose power is required to be measured. The blocks are
clamped by means of two bolts and nuts. A helical spring is provided between the nut and the upper block to adjust the pressure on
the pulley to control its speed. The upper block has a long lever attached to it and carries a weight W at its outer end. A counter
weight is placed at the other end of the lever which balances the brake when unloaded. Two stops S, S are provided to limit the
motion of the lever

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“ ANALYSIS OF DYNAMOMETER

”
When the brake is to be put in operation, the long end of the lever is loaded with
suitable weights W and the nuts are tightened until the engine shaft runs at a constant
speed and the lever is in horizontal position. Under these conditions, the moment due
to the weight W must balance the moment of the frictional resistance between the
blocks and the pulley.