MODULE 2

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EFFECTS OF AP ON HEALTH, ANIMALS,
VEGETATION, MATERIALS AND
ENVIRONMENT
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HEALTH

 The deadliest illnesses linked air pollution are ;

 Stroke, heart disease, lung disease, lower respiratory diseases (such as pneumonia), and
cancer.

 High levels of fine particles also contribute to other illnesses, like diabetes, can hinder
cognitive development in children and also cause mental health problems.

 Premature Death

 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonory Disease

 Neurological , Cardiovascular , kidney failures, liver diseases, etc.

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ANIMALS

 Swine, poultry and to a lesser extend cattle are exposed to natural, man-made and self-made air pollution.

 Acid rain- which is caused by air pollution, Ozone Shield Depletion, Ground-level ozone, Excessive Nitrogen,
Soil Pollution.

1. ALTERED ANIMAL BEHAVIOR

 Endocrine Disruptors, Heavy Metals and PCBs have a direct impact on animal behavior and mating capability.

2. DISEASE AND MORTALITY

 Neurodegenerative Disorders

 Endocrine Diseases

 Harm Internal Organs

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3. BIO DIVERSITY LOSS

• Excess nitrogen deposition in the form of ammonia is one of the most significant stressors on
biodiversity.

• Biodiversity is important for animals since its loss can trigger changes in the food chain and
the extinction of some species.

• Moreover, the loss of biodiversity can potentially raise the danger of infectious illnesses.

4. CHANGES IN SPECIES DISTRIBUTION

• Extinction of some fish species

• Allowing bug species to thrive

• Benefit ducks that feed on insects.

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 5. EATING PLANTS WITH POLLUTANTS

• When animals eat particulate-coated plants, they get Arsenic poisoning.

• In pets, lead poisoning causes pneumonia and a loss of appetite.

• Moreover, pesticides can cause difficulties breathing, drowsiness, muscular spasms, vomiting,
and loss of coordination in animals.
 VEGETATION
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1. ACID RAIN

• Reduces the number of accessible soil nutrients

• Damages the root and shoot systems

• Stunts growth

2. OZONE SHIELD DEPLETION

•  Ozone hole has wiped off almost 30% of plant species.

• Most plants are affected by ozone (O3), which causes foliar ulcers.

• It can also penetrate the stomata (plant breathing holes) and decompose plant cells directly.

• O3 can potentially lead to impaired growth.

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3. EXCESSIVE NITROGEN

• Shifts in plant and animal species

• A rise in pest and disease outbreak

• Disturbance of ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycle and fire frequency

 MATERIALS
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1.ABRASION – Loss of materials by wind with coarser particles.

2. CORROSION – Acidic effect of rain water.

3. DEPOSITION AND REMOVAL – Adhering substances and removal of material by rusting

4. DIRECT CHEMICAL ATTACK – Bleaching of marble by Gases like SO2, Tarnishing of

silver by Hydrogen Sulphide, Etching of Metallic surfaces by acid mist etc.

5. INDIRECT CHEMICAL ATTACK – Action of acids or its fumes on stones like marble,
Corrosion of reinforcement due to diffusion of gases in RCC.
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 z ENVIRONMENT
• Ground-level ozone can lead to reductions in agricultural crop and commercial forest yields,

• Reduced growth and survivability of tree seedlings,

• Increased plant susceptibility to disease,

• Pests and other environmental stresses (such as harsh weather).

• Ozone Depletion

• Lack of fresh water

• ACID RAIN

• EUTROPHICATION - is a condition in a water body where high concentrations of nutrients

(such as nitrogen) stimulate blooms of algae, which in turn can cause fish kills and loss of
plant and animal diversity.
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• HAZE - is caused when sunlight encounters tiny pollution particles in the air. Haze obscures
the clarity, color, texture, and form of what we see.

• Some haze-causing pollutants (mostly fine particles) are directly emitted to the atmosphere
by sources such as power plants, industrial facilities, trucks and automobiles, and
construction activities.

• GLOBAL CLIMATIC CHANGE - The Earth's atmosphere contains a delicate balance of

naturally occurring gases that trap some of the sun's heat near the Earth's surface. This
"greenhouse effect" keeps the Earth's temperature stable.

• As a result, the Earth's atmosphere appears to be trapping more of the sun's heat, causing the
Earth's average temperature to rise - a phenomenon known as global warming
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THANK YOU……..