CONTEMPORARY

ART FORM:
ELEMENTS AND
PRINCIPLES
LITERATURE
WHAT IS LITERATURE?
This is a body of workshop that show
the best that has been thought and said or
works that signify the achievements of a
particular culture.
THE TWO TYPES OF LITERATURE
ARE:

- PROSE

- POETRY
POETRY - refers to expressing of feeling or idea
with the use of figurative or symbolic language
• MEANING – a writer can use idioms, new words, allusion and
connotations in expressing his feelings or ideas.
• FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE - a writer may use simile, metaphor,
and other figures of speech in expressing something in a different
way aside from its literal meaning.
• IMAGERY – this consists of descriptions and details that can be
trigger the reader’s sense.
• SOUND AND RHYTHM - sound is the emphasis on certain words
while rhythm is the position of beats or sound pattern of the work.
PROSE – is a literature that is not poetry with no categories:
informative, persuasive, just like an essay

• THEME AND CONTENT – general thought/idea of the concept

• STYLE – choices of words and sentence structure used to convey
the message
• FORM AND STRUCTURE – sequence of the topic and transitions
that make the whole essay
• PLOT OR STORY LINE – sequence of events of the story
• CHARACTERS – can be a person, animal or things who takes part
in a story
• SETTING – time and place
• THEME- the central thought of the story
• LANGUAGE AND STYLE – style is the choices of words which
includes the sentence structures and figurative language that affect
the mood of the story.
• POINT OF VIEW – the narrator may present the author himself for
the third-person point of view.
- the narrator can also be one of the characters in
the story for the first-person point of view.
TRADITIONS AND FORMS OF
PHILIPPINES POETRY:
•ETHNIC TRADITION

•SPANISH TRADITION
TRADITIONS AND FORMS OF
PHILIPPINE POETRY
(Ethnic tradition)
• EPICS – relates the adventure of a superhero with powers
• FOLK SONG – a song that is transmitted orally from one generation to
another (also called awiting bayan)
• PROVERBS – a concise statement that teach morality and tradition
• RIDDLES – this describes an object in a different manner or in a way that
is not easily understood
• SHORT POEMS – has four lines, with 5-12 syllables per line
• POETIC JOUSTS –may involve marriage negotiations between two
families in which every region has their own version
TRADITIONS AND FORMS OF PHILIPPINE
POETRY
(SPANISH TRADITION)
• METRICAL ROMANCE – focuses on chivalric, folkloric,
legendary and religious themes

• PASYON – written in a stanza with 5 lines with 8

syllables per line which recounts the life of Jesus
Christ.
FORMS OF CONTEMPORARY PROSE IN PHILIPPINES

• FOLK NARRATIVE – any story based on real or fictional events in the past
• MYTH – a story that explains the origin of the world and its first habitants
• LEGEND – heroic and historical legend tackles episodes in the lives of great men
and women
• FOLKTALES – classified into animal tales or fables, magic tales, humorous tales,
novelistic tales, religious and didactic tales.
• ESSAY – explains the insights or information using description, narration and
humor.
• NOVEL – lengthy and complex narrative of events
• SHORT STORY – concise secular narrative with romantic and radical tradition
• KOMIKS – involves drawing frames showing a set of characters with their actions
MUSIC
WHAT IS MUSIC?
It is an arrangement of sounds to create a
continuous and unified compositions.
 ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
• MELODY – succession of consecutive notes or tones changing in
pitch and duration
• RHYTHM – has three qualities: tempo, meter, and rhythmic pattern
• HARMONY – combination of different tones and pitches played
and sung together
• TEXTURE – relationship of melodic and harmonic lines in music
• DYNAMICS – degree of softness and loudness of music
• TIMBRE – also known as tone color
• FORM – how the elements of music are organized
FORMS AND TYPES OF
PHILIPPINE MUSIC
• ETHNIC TRADITIONAL MUSIC

• EUROPEAN-INFLUENCED RELIGIOUS AND

SECULAR MUSIC

• AMERICAN-INSPIRED MUSIC
ETHNIC TRADITIONAL MUSIC
• BALLAD – a song that explains an event occurring in a community

• CHANT – a song with an unaccompanied melody and variable rhythm

• SONG DEBATE – a song involving male and female singers who try to
outsmart each other about a certain topic
EUROPEAN-INFLUENCED RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR MUSIC

• ART SONG – a composition characterized by merging the voice part,

lyrics and the accompaniment together to achieve an artistic musical
whole
• HABANERA/DANZA – social dance in duple time
• LITURGICAL MUSIC – vocal and instrumental compositions that go
together with the official rites of Christian churches
• KUMINTANG – dance of love that accompanied by a guitar and a string
and documented as a war song
• PASYON CHANT – refers to various styles used throughout the country
AMERICAN-INSPIRED MUSIC
• CLASSICAL MUSIC – classical music from western world;
classical and modern music composed by Filipinos

• SEMI-CLASSICAL MUSIC – includes band and rondalla music,

hymns and marches, sarswela music , and stylized folk songs

• POPULAR MUSIC – includes original music composed by

Filipinos
DANCE
WHAT IS DANCE?
It is an art of involving a series of rhythmic
human movements that are purposely selected
and involves a mindful effort to combine
movements together.
 ELEMENTS OF DANCE
• BODY ELEMENT – how the body of a dancer moves,
what part of body moves, actions and how the body supports
itself.
• SPACE – focuses on the area where the dance is performed
• TIME – accent, beat ,duration, meter, rhythm and
acceleration
• ENERGY – referred to as dynamics
• RELATIONSHIP – how the person relates to stage
FORMS AND TYPES OF DANCES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• FOLK DANCE – includes ceremonial, combative, courtship, exorcism,
funeral, game, torture, comic and religious dances
• BALLET – a theatrical dance presentation in which a plot is integrated
with dancing, music and stage design
• MODERN DANCE – dance form that emerged during 20th century
OTHER FORMS OF DANCE INCLUDES:
• AEROBIC DANCE – dancing to the tune of popular music with the
purpose of increasing consumption of oxygen over a period of time
• BODABIL DANCING – popular during American period
• JAZZ DANCE – uses African dance techniques like isolation of
individual human body parts, rhythm, and polycentrism
• POLYNESIAN AND TAHITIAN DANCE – these dances began
from the people living in Polynesian chain
• TAP DANCE – a dance which entails tapping with toes and heels to
generate rhythmic patterns
THEATER
WHAT IS A THEATER?
It is an art form that involves performing carefully
planned actions and emotions in front of an
audience. Philippine theater is describe as wide
range of mimetic performances that were created
and presented during occasions.
 ELEMENTS OF THEATHER
• PERFORMERS – persons who portrays their characters on the
audience
• AUDIENCE – serves as the witness of performers
• DIRECTOR – overseer to the entire production
• PERFORMANCE SPACE – space where actors can perform as well
as the audiences to stand
• DESIGN – essential in placing the overall feel of the production
• TEXT – the script to be presented in a play
FORMS AND TYPES OF PHILIPPINE
THEATER
• DULANG PAHIYANG – theater is not viewed as a separate activity,
but as part of life

• DULAMBAYAN – also known as people’s theater and considered

“theater in the context of social movements

• TEATRONG PANSIMBAHAN – is concerned with spirituality and

usually performed depending on the events in the church calendar
FILM
WHAT IS a FILM?
This refers to a sequence of moving pictures
shown on television or cinema. Film making
became an industry in the Philippines during
1950s.
 ELEMENTS OF FILM
• TIME – the most significant element of cinema
• TECHNIQUES OF CINEMA:
CUTTING OR EDITING – involves one shot with another
CAMERA MOVEMENT – done in order to have a smother
change of view
FRAMING – helps bringing balance to the film as it is being
viewed
 FORMS AND TYPES OF FILMS
• AKSYON (ACTION) – uses conflict as emphasis based on real-life stories
• ANIMATION – involves creating illustrations or inanimate images
• BOMBA – a film that depicts nudity
• DOKYU (DOCUMENTARY) – a motion of picture that narrates news events
based on facts
• DRAMA – motion picture that dwells on personal problems and conflicts
• EXPERIMENTAL – attempts to create something innovative
• FANTASY – depicts scenes in an imaginary world
• HISTORICAL – shows actual events that occurred in the past
• HORROR – is shown to bring fear to the audiences
• KOMEDI (COMEDY) – is to bring laughter to the audience
THANK YOU