Justice

• Justice is derived from Latin word 'Justitia'

meaning “ let justice be done, though the
heavens fall.”. Justice is an important concept in
politics, philosophy, law and ethics.
• Justice in its broader meaning is prevalence of
truth, morality, ideals and virtues.
• In terms of Political Science, Justice is
essentially associated with the legal system and
the legal process prevailing in a state. This
concept believes that Justice can be secured
through legitimate laws, an independent and
impartial Judicial system and equal protection of
law.
 Moral Justice – Moral Justice believes that there are
certain universal moral rules which should regulate our
life. If our life is led accordingly Justice is attained.

Kinds of Legal Justice - Justice duly recognized by the law legislated

by the state is legal Justice. The administration of this type

Justice of Justice is carried only by the court. It implies that; first:

the laws framed by the government ought to be just and
second: the execution of law must be translated into
practice in a just and proper manner.
Social Justice - Presence of all those circumstances which
are essential for the welfare of the society is social Justice.
Social Justice relates to the balance between an
individual’s rights and social control ensuring the
expectation of the masses.
 
4. Economic Justice – Economic Justice implies
non discrimination on any artificial ground
between man and man. It requires equitable
distribution of wealth and income. Liberal view of
Economic Justice is that people get Economic
Justice if they get welfare services from the state.
5. Political Justice - Political Justice implies equal
participation of all in the powers of the state and
granting of political rights to all. It desires a free
and fair participation of people in their political
life. It means abolition of distinction among the
citizens in the Political field.
• Just institutions tend to instill a sense of
stability, well-being, and satisfaction among
society members, while
perceived injustices can lead to
dissatisfaction, rebellion, or revolution.
• Each of the different spheres expresses
the principles of justice and fairness in its
own way, resulting in different types and
concepts of justice: distributive, procedural,
retributive, and restorative. These types of
justice have important implications for socio-
economic, political, civil, and criminal justice
at both the national and international level.
• Distributive justice or economic justice, is concerned with giving all
members of society a "fair share" of the benefits and resources
available. However, while everyone might agree that wealth should
be distributed fairly, there is much disagreement about what counts
as a "fair share."
• Some possible criteria of distribution are equity, equality, and need.
Equity means that one's rewards should be equal to one's
contributions to a society, while "equality" means that everyone gets
the same amount, regardless of their input.
• Procedural justice is concerned with making and implementing decisions
according to fair processes that ensure "fair treatment." Rules must be
impartially followed and consistently applied in order to generate an
unbiased decision. Those carrying out the procedures should be neutral,
and those directly affected by the decisions should have some voice or
representation in the decision-making process.
• If people believe procedures to be fair, they will be more likely to accept
outcomes, even ones that they do not like. Implementing fair procedures is
central to many dispute resolution procedures, including negotiation, 
mediation, arbitration, and adjudication.
• Retributive justice appeals to the idea that people deserve to be
treated in the same way they treat others. It is a retroactive approach
that justifies punishment as a response to past injustice or wrong
doing.
• The central idea is that the offender has gained unfair
advantage through his or her behavior, and that punishment will set
this imbalance straight. In other words, those who do not play by the
rules should be brought to justice and deserve to suffer penalties for
their transgressions
•  Restorative justice -  It is concerned with healing victim’s wounds,
restoring offenders to law-abiding lives, and repairing harm done to
interpersonal relationships and the community. Victims take an
active role in directing the exchange that takes place, as well as
defining the responsibilities and obligations of offenders.
• Offenders are encouraged to understand the harm they have caused
their victims and take responsibility for it. Restorative justice aims to
strengthen the community and prevent similar harms from
happening in the future.
• Justice and Law - Justice is done of the basis of the
prevailing Law in the State. The ultimate goal of Law
is the attainment of Justice. The concept of Justice
affects the making of the Law. Laws of the state may
keep on changing with the circumstances of the State,
but the eternal basic elements of Justice remain
unaffected and the same despite varying political
conditions.
• Justice and Morality - Justice strengthens morality
and mortality proves helpful in the achievement of
Justice. Morality is beyond the jurisdiction of the
State, but Justice is an integral part of the Governance
of the State.
•  
 • Means for the attainment of Justice
1. Independent and free Judiciary
Administration 2. Fair appointment system for judges
of Justice 3. Highly qualified judges
4. Good salary and job security of the judges
5. No permission for profession after retirement
for the judges
6. Social awareness
7. Active role of impartial media