Basic Concepts of

Hypothesis Testing
By: 2nd group
 Statistic And Research

The hypothesis is an estimate of Research based on population data,

the population parameters, or total sampling, or census by not
through sample data testing statistical hypotheses from a
statistical point of view is called
descriptive research.

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Three form of hypothesis

descriptive Comparative
hypotheses hypothesis

Relationship
hypothesis
 1. Descriptive Hypothesis
● Descriptive hypothesis, is an assumption about the value of an independent
variable, does not make comparisons or relationships.
● In the formulation of statistical hypotheses, the null hypothesis (Ho) and the
alternative hypothesis (Ha) are always paired, if one is rejected. then the others
must be accepted so that a firm decision can be made, namely if Ho is rejected, Ha
must be accepted.
● Hypothetical statistics are expressed through symbols.
● The value of µ can be replaced by the sample mean, standard deviation and
variance. The first and second hypotheses were tested with a one-tailed test and
the third one with two parties(two tail)

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 2. Comparative Hypothesis

 Comparative hypothesis is a The statistical hypothesis is:

● Two-party hypothesis test formulation
statement that shows the estimated  
value in one or more variables in a ● One-party test hypothesis Formulation
sample that different.  
● One-party hypothesis formulation
 In this case the value of µ(mu) can be  
replaced with the sample mean,
standard deviation, variance, and
proportion.

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 Relationship Hypothesis (Associative)

The associative The statistical hypothesis is: : The null hypothesis, which
● Ho : ρ = 0 indicates that there is no
hypothesis is a statement ● Ho : ρ ≠ 0 (ρ =symbol relationship (zero = no relationship)
that shows a conjecture indicating the strength of the between Leadership Style and Work
about the relationship relationship) Effectiveness in the population. The
alternative hypothesis shows that
between two or more there is a relationship (not equal to
variables.. zero, it may be greater than 0 or less
than zero.

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 Rate of Error in Hypothesis Testing

There are two ways of
estimating, namely, a point
estimate and an interval
estimate or often called a
confidence interval.
 A point estimate of the  interval estimate is an estimate of
population parameter is an the population parameter based
estimate (point estimate) based on the interval value of the
on one sample data value. sample data.

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 2. Type II error is an error when
Two Errors in Hypothesis accepting a false hypothesis
Testing (should be rejected). The error
rate for this is expressed by
(betha).

1. Type I error is an error when

rejecting the null hypothesis (Ho)
which is true (should be
accepted). In this case the error
rate is expressed by (alpha).

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 Based on this, the relationship between the decision to reject or
accept the hypothesis can be described as shown in the picture.

The actual circumstances

Decision
True Hypothesis False Hypothesis

Accept Hypothesis Don't make a mistake Type II Error

Don't make a
Reject the Hypothesis Type I Error
mistake
From the table above, it can be explained as follows:
 The decision to accept the null hypothesis is true, means not to make
mistakes.
 The decision to accept the null hypothesis is wrong, means a Type II
error occurs.
 Making a decision to reject the null hypothesis which is true, means that
a Type I error occurs.
 The decision to reject the null hypothesis is wrong, means not to make
a mistake.
THANK YOU .

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