Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikkamagaluru

(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)

Department of Civil
Engineering
Project Phase 2
Presentation

“Study On Effect of Steel Slag as Aggregates and Waste materials as

Fillers on Performance of Self Healing Warm Mix Asphalt’’

Presented By,
BATCH-05

GOUTAM KUMAR (4AI19CV017)

NAVEEN B R (4AI19CV037)
MANVITH C G (4AI19CV029)
ARYAN TEJASWI B R (4AI18CV014)
 

Project Coordinators Under the guidance of

Mr. ABHILASH D. T Mr. YOGANANDA
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Mr. GOUTHAM D. R Department of Civil Engineering
Assistant Professor AIT,Chikkamagaluru 1
 CONTENTS

Introduction
Literature Review
Objectives of the Present Work
Methodology
References

2
 ABBREVIATIONS

HMA : Hot Mix Asphalt

WMA : Warm Mix Asphalt
CMA : Cold Mix Asphalt
SD : Stone Dust
RHA : Rice Husk Ash
BA : Bottom Ash
WGP : Waste Glass Powder

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 INTRODUCTION

Fig. 1 : Difference between Hot, Warm, Half Warm and Cold Mix Asphalt

4
Waste fillers used are:

Bottom Ash Rice Husk Ash Waste Glass Powder

Potholes:

Pothole Types of Potholes Pothole Patching

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 LITERATURE REVIEW
J Wielinski et al. (2009) found that Warm-mix asphalt (WMA) is much like hot-mix
asphalt (HMA), but it is produced at lower plant temperatures than conventional
HMA. It resulted in reduction of fuel consumption and of emissions.
Ayman Ali et al. (2013) conducted a laboratory test to evaluate the effect of
temperature reduction, foaming water content, and aggregate moisture content on
the performance of foamed Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA). The test gave the comparable
performance for the HMA and the foamed WMA prepared using 30 °F temperature
reduction, 1.8% foaming water content, and fully dried aggregates.
M Ameri et al. (2013) uses electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag (SS) in substitution of
natural limestone (LS) aggregates in Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) mixture. Literature
showed that use of coarse SS aggregate in WMA mixture enhances Marshall stability,
resilient modulus, tensile strength, resistance to moisture damage and resistance to
permanent deformation of the mixture.

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 C Hettiarachchi et al. (2018) uses the reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)
materials in Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) mixtures due to its economic and
environmental benefits. This paper extensively evaluates the lite ature
available on the WMA technology, RAP mixtures and finally the
incorporation of RAP in WMA to fully understand the performance aspects.
 FCG Martinho et al. (2018) compared the mechanical performance of three
warm-mix asphalt (WMA) blends with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) or
electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) as substitutes of part of the aggregate. The
obtained results for the WMA with by-products tested allowed to conclude
that the introduction of EAFS or RCA into the WMA blends increases
Marshall stability and may increase or decrease resistance to rutting.
 M Alinezhad et al. (2019) stated that several million tons of steel slag is
produced annually as the by-product of the steel industry in Iran and other
countries and are deposited in landfills without any use, occupy vast areas,
and cause environmental hazards.

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 OBJECTIVES OF THE PRESENT WORK

To conduct various preliminary laboratory tests on all materials

as per standard specifications.

To design and develop a Conventional Warm Mix Asphalt

(WMA) and the Warm Mix Asphalt with Steel Slag replaced
aggregates and waste materials replaced fillers as per standard
design method in the laboratory and to conduct standard
performance evaluation tests on the developed mixes.

To compare the performance of both mixes and to recommend

the suitable Warm Mix Asphalt mixture with Steel Slag and
fillers for the patching of pothole.
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 METHODOLOGY
 The first and the foremost thing of the project is that procurement of materials
such as aggregate, Binder, Steel Slag and waste materials as fillers. 
 Preliminary laboratory test will be conducted as per relevant codal specifications. 
 Next, development of warm mix asphalt mixture will be conducted for the
pothole gradation based on IRC: 116-2014. 
 The comparison between conventional WMA and WMA with steel slag and waste
materials will be made based on performance evaluation. 
 Based on the WMA mix with optimum strength, a reliability analysis will be made
for better understanding. 
 At last, conclusions will be made for pothole patching with optimum strength
based on detailed resist analysis. 

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

CONVENTIONAL WMA WITH

PROCUREMENT OF WMA STEEL SLAG AND
MATERIALS WASTE
MATERIALS
WASTE
AGGREGATE BINDER STEEL MATERIALS
AS FILLERS ANALYSIS OF RESULT
COMBINED
SPECIMEN COMPARISION OF
PERFORMANCE OF BOTH
PRELIMINARY LABORATORY THE MIXES
TEST

DEVELOPMENT OF WMA CONDUCTION AND

MIXTURE RECOMMENDATION OF
WMA MIX FOR POTHOLES
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
TEST
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 Experimental program

Table 1 : Tests on Aggregates

Sl No Name of the Test IS code

1 Aggregate impact test IS:2386-Part 4

2 Aggregate abrasion test IS:2386-Part 4

3 Aggregate crushing test IS:2386-Part 4

4 Soundness test IS:2386-Part 5

5 Shape test IS:2386-Part 1

6 Specific Gravity test IS:2386-Part 3

7 Water Absorption test IS:2386-Part 3

• These tests are also conducted on Steel Slag. 11

Table 2 : Tests on Bitumen (VG-30)
Sl No Name of the Test IS code

1 Penetration test IS: 1203-1978

2 Ductility test IS: 1208-1978

3 Softening Point test IS: 1205-1978

4 Specific gravity test IS: 1202-1978

5 Viscosity test IS: 1206-1978

Table 3: Test on Bitumen Mix Design (WMA)

Sl No Name of the Test

1 Marshal Stability Test

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 Experimental Investigation

Material testing
1. Coarse aggregates

Sl.No Test Value Standard value

1 Specific gravity 2.77 2.5-3

2 Aggregate Crushing Test 25.1% <30%

3 Aggregate Impact Test 18.2% 30%

4 Aggregate Abrasion Test 24.16% 30%

Table 4 : Tests on Coarse aggregates

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Sieve analysis curve

Sieve analysis curve

80

70

60

50
% finer

40

30

20

10

0
1 10
sieve size (mm)

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 2. Steel Slag

Sl.No Test Value Standard value

1 Specific gravity 1.9 2.5-3

2 Aggregate Crushing Test 52.03% <30%

3 Aggregate Impact Test 56.92% 30%

4 Aggregate Abrasion Test 35% 30%

Table 5 : Tests on Steel Slag

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Sieve analysis curve

Sieve analysis curve

45

40

35

30

25
% finer

20

15

10

0
1 10
sieve size (mm)

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3. Bitumen (VG-30)

Sl.No Test Value Standard Value

1 Specific Gravity Test 0.98 0.98-1.02

2 Penetration Test 66.54 mm 60-80mm

3 Ductility Test 55 cm 45-60 cm

4 Flash Point 220° C 220°C-300°C

Fire Point 275° C
5 Softening Point Test 49° C <40° C

Table 6 :Tests on Bitumen

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4. Fillers

Sl.No Specific Gravity of Fillers Value

1 Bottom Ash 2.58

2 Rice Husk Ash 2.48

3 Waste Glass Powder 2.15

Table 7 : Tests on Fillers

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Work to be done

 Casting of Specimens
 Air Curing
 Test on Specimen- Marshal Stability test

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 Details of Specimen

Table 8 : Proportions of aggregate to be used:

Sl No Coarse Aggregate (%) Steel Slag (%) No of Specimen
1 100 0 15
2 75 25 15
3 50 50 15
4 25 75 15
5 0 100 15

Table 9 : Proportions of waste fillers to be used:

Sl no Stone dust (%) Rice husk ash(%) Waste glass Bottom Ash(%)
powder(%)
1 0 33.33 33.33 33.33

2 25 25 25 25

3 50 16.67 16.67 16.67

4 75 8.33 8.33 8.33

5 100 0 0 0
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No of specimen to be casted

Sl No Aggregate in Blast Bitumen in % Total

% Furnace
slag in % 5 5.5 6 6.5 7

1 100 0 3 3 3 3 3 15

2 75 25 3 3 3 3 3 15

3 50 50 3 3 3 3 3 15

4 25 75 3 3 3 3 3 15

5 0 100 3 3 3 3 3 15

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Quantity of materials used:
Aggregates
Aggregate % passing Mid Value Cumulative Weight Weight
Size(mm) passing Retained Retained
(%) (g)

9.5 100 100 0 0 0

4.75 40-100 70 30 30 360

2.36 10-40 25 75 45 540

1.18 0-10 5 95 20 240

0.075 0-2 1 99 4 60

TOTAL WEIGHT REATAINED IN GRAMS 1200

Bitumen
Sl No Bitumen in % Bitumen in gm

1 5 60

2 5.5 66

3 6 72

4 6.5 78

5 7 84

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Marshal Stability Test:

Marshal Stability Test apparatus

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Comparative Study:
Based on Marshal Stability Test , Stability Values will be compared and Optimum
Strength Percentage mix would be recommended.

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 REFERENCES
1) Jason Wielinski, Adam Hand, David Michael Rausch (2009) “Laboratory and field evaluations of foamed
warm-mix asphalt projects”, Transportation Research Record 2126 (1), 125-131, 2009

2) Ayman Ali, Ala Abbas, Munir Nazzal, Ahmad Alhasan, Arjun Roy, David Powers(2013) “Effect of
temperature reduction, foaming water content, and aggregate moisture content on performance of
foamed Warm Mix Asphalt”, Construction and Building Materials 48, 1058-1066, 2013

3) Mahmoud Ameri, Saeid Hesami, Hadigoli (2013) “Laboratory evaluation of Warm Mix Asphalt mixtures
containing electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag”, Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science
and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, Iran

4) Chamod Hettiarachchi , Feipeng Xiao , Xiangdao Hou (2018) “A comprehensive review on the use of
reclaimed asphalt materials in Warm Mix Asphalt technology”, Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic
Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China

5) FCG Martinho, LG Picado-Santos, SD Capitao (2018), “Influence of recycled concrete and steel slag
aggregates on warm-mix asphalt properties”, Construction and Building Materials 185, 684-696, 2018

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6) Mojtaba Alinezhad, Ali Sahaf (2019), “Investigation of the fatigue characteristics of warm stone
matrix asphalt (WSMA) containing electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag as coarse aggregate and
Sasobit as warm mix …” Case Studies in Construction Materials 11, e00265, 2019

7) Adham Mohammed Alnadish * , Mohamad Yusri Aman, Herda Yati Binti Katman, Mohd Rasdan
Ibrahim “Characteristics of Warm Mix Asphalt Incorporating Coarse Steel Slag Aggregates”,
Department of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit
Raja 86400, Malaysia

8) Panos Georgiou * and Andreas Loizo “ Characterization of Sustainable Asphalt Mixtures

Containing High Reclaimed Asphalt and Steel Slag” Laboratory of Pavement Engineering, National
Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., 15780 Zografou, Greece;

9) Andrii Bieliatynskyi , Shilin Yang, Kateryna Krayushkina , Meiyu Shao, Mingyang Ta (2022) “Study
of the possibility of using phosphorous slags in road construction”, School of Civil Engineering,
North Minzu University, 750021, 204 Wenchang Road, Yinchuan, NingXia, PR China.

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THANK
YOU...!!!