Cɪᴛʏᴄᴏᴛ ᴄᴏʟʟᴇɢᴇ

Pʀᴇsᴀɴᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛᴀʙʟᴇᴛs
ɢʀᴏᴜᴘ ɴᴀᴍᴇs:
1 :ᴊɪʙʀɪɪʟ sᴀʜᴀʀᴅɪɪᴅ ᴀʙᴅᴀʟʟᴀ
2: Sɪᴄɪɪᴅ mahamuud ahmed
3:Sᴀʟᴍᴏ abdisalan aden
4 ᴍᴏʜᴀᴍᴇᴅ mahamuud siciid
ᴛᴀʙʟᴇᴛs
• Tablets may be defined as the solid unit dosage form of medication
with suitable excipients. It comprises a mixture of active substances
and excipients, usually in powder form, that are pressed or compacted
into a solid dose. The main advantages of tablets are to ensure a
consistent dose of medicine that is easy to consume
Advantages of Tablets
• Easy admistrated
• Easy swallowing
• More stable
• Easier and cheapest to package
• Cost is lowest of all oral dosage forms
• Unpleasant and bitter tasting drugs When formulating the tests can
be masking With excipients suitable
Disadvantages of Tablets
• Some of drugs due their highly amorphous nature’s and low density
are difficult to compress

• Some of drugs can cause irritant effect in GIT

• Difficult to swallow in Case of children and elder patients
 General properties of Tablets
• Should have the chemical and physical stability

• Should have elegant Product identity While free of defects like

Chipes and Cracks

• Tablets Must be able to release the medicinal agents in predictable

Different Types Of Tablets

1. Tablets ingested orally :

• Compressed tablets, eg: paracetamol

• Sugar coated tablets , eg: mulitivitamin tablets

• Cheweble tablets, eg: antacid tablets

• Film coated tablets

 Countinu
1. Tablet used oral cavitiy

• Buccal tablets,eg : vitamin – c tablets

• Sublingual tablets , eg: Vicks Menthol tablets

• Lozenges
• Dental cones
Continue
2 Tablets used to prepare solutions

Effversant tablets , eg: aspirin

And others but is commen is aspirin

Countniue
• 4 Tablets administrated by other route

• Suppositories or inserts ,eg: clotrimazole tablets

Tablet Additives
• In addition to active ingredients tablets Containing a number of iner
materials known as excipients Different excipients are

1. Diluents
2. Binders
3. Lubricants
4. Coloring agents
5. Falavoring agents
6. Sweeting agents
Diluents

1. Diluent: is needed to increase the bulk when Quantity Of

medicament is very small In each tablet Eg: Lactose,
sucrose,Sodium chloride and starch etc

2. Binders: it provides to keep the API and excipients in tablets

3. Lubricants : To reduce Intra particular Friction during Compression

and tablets
 Coloring agents
• 4. Coloring agents: It provides the tablets beauty colors

• 5 .Flavoring and sweating: It provides the tablets good flavor and

sweet it facilities to swallowing tablets
Manufacturing Tablets
• Types of Tablet Manufacturing Process Techniques
The most common tablet manufacturing process techniques include:
Wet Granulation:
A method commonly used for compressed tablet production
Wet granulation involves a size enlargement process and an adhesive
Substance known as binder Manufacturing tablets using the wet
granulation technique increases the chances of meeting all physical
requirements for tablet formation.
Dry Granulation
• Dry Granulation: The dry granulation tablet manufacturing process
works by compacting powder mixtures into large pieces or compacts
and breaking them down into granules
• Dry granulation can also be used to prevent drug substance
exposure to elevated temperatures during drying or moisture. 
•
The dry granulation tablet manufacturing process eliminates several
manufacturing steps but still requires weighing, mixing, slugging, dry
screening, lubrication, and granule compression.
Direct Compression
• Compression: The direct compression tablet manufacturing process
directly compresses powdered materials into tablets without modifying
physical properties

Using the direct compression tablet manufacturing process is a cost-

effective way to develop tablets, and it’s a common solution for
producing generic products in the pharmaceutical industry.

Direct compression also avoids a wide range of wet and dry granulation
problems.
Factors Influential Tablet Manufacturing Process 

• Several factors influence choosing the right tablet manufacturing process:

• The cost to manufacture

• The formulation ingredients’ particle size

• The physical and chemical stability of the API during the manufacturing process

• The availability of required processing equipment

Types of Equipment Used in Tablet
Manufacturing
• There is a wide variety of pharma tablet machines specifically used in the
tablet manufacturing process:

Size Reduction Equipment:

• Common size reduction equipment used in tablet manufacturing includes a

variety of milling equipment like hammer mills, vibration mills, pin mills,
end-runner mills, edge-runner mills, cutter mills, and ball mills.
Types of Equipment Used in Tablet
Manufacturing
• Weighing Balance Machinery :

Weighing balance equipment used in tablet manufacturing is used to

get the precise weight of your tablets and is available in bulk and
electronic weighing balance systems.
Continue
• Granulators :

• Granulators are used in tablet manufacturing to create wet or dry

tablet granules. Granulator machines commonly used today include
rotating shape granulators, mechanical agitator granulators, high-
shear granulators, fluidized-bed granulators, and dry granulators.
Continue
• Mixing Equipment:

A wide range of mixing equipment is used in tablet manufacturing

to mix powders and ingredients accurately. The most common
machinery available includes pneumatic mixers, diffusion mixers, and
others
Continue
• Drying Equipment :

During tablet manufacturing, drying equipment reduces moisture in

pharmaceutical powders and granules. Popular machinery for drying
tablets includes spray dryers and rotary dryers
Continue
• Tableting Machinery:

Tableting machinery, also known as tablet presses,

is used to compress pharmaceutical powder into tablets that are
uniform in shape, size, and weight. Many manufacturers used high-
speed rotary tablet machines and multi-layer rotary tablet presses for
quality tablet compression.
• Coating Machines :

In the pharmaceutical industry, tablet coating systems machines cover

tablet surfaces with a thin coating solution.

Using a tablet coating machine has a variety of benefits, like masking

the odor and taste and prolonging shelf life.
How Tablets Are Manufactured: Common
Defects
• Even if you’re using the equipment to manufacture your product,
there is a wide range of common tablet defects that can occur that
affect quality:

Chipping: Is Excipient related problems

Chipping is the breaking of tablet Caused by poor lubrication, or
insufficient drying.
Chipping image
Continue

• Capping:

• The term capping in tablet manufacturing refers to a tablet defect or

failure, a break across the horizontal plane

or when the shaped dome of the tablet fractures away from the body
of the tablet. 
Capping image
Tablet coating
• Tablet coating : is Last critical Step In the tablet production cycle
(system)

• Tablet coating image

Objectives of Tablet coating
1. Masking colors or test of the drug

2. Protects the drug from environment Of stomach In case of acid

sensitivity

3. Provides physical and chemical protection of drug

Important of coating tablets
• Why is important coating tablets ?

Coating is one of the important technique in manufacturing of dosage

forms, improve the
• stability, shelf life and release pattern
Continue
Coating of dosage forms helps in improving
• patient compliance