This document provides an overview of data communication and computer networks. It discusses key concepts such as the data communication model, data representation and flow, and the need for computer networking. The data communication model outlines the basic components involved, including the source, transmitter, transmission system, receiver and destination. Data can be represented in various forms like text, numbers, images, audio and video. Communication between devices can occur in simplex, half-duplex or full-duplex modes. Computer networks allow for resource sharing, powerful communication and electronic commerce. They enable remote access to information for users at home, work or on the move.
This document provides an overview of data communication and computer networks. It discusses key concepts such as the data communication model, data representation and flow, and the need for computer networking. The data communication model outlines the basic components involved, including the source, transmitter, transmission system, receiver and destination. Data can be represented in various forms like text, numbers, images, audio and video. Communication between devices can occur in simplex, half-duplex or full-duplex modes. Computer networks allow for resource sharing, powerful communication and electronic commerce. They enable remote access to information for users at home, work or on the move.
This document provides an overview of data communication and computer networks. It discusses key concepts such as the data communication model, data representation and flow, and the need for computer networking. The data communication model outlines the basic components involved, including the source, transmitter, transmission system, receiver and destination. Data can be represented in various forms like text, numbers, images, audio and video. Communication between devices can occur in simplex, half-duplex or full-duplex modes. Computer networks allow for resource sharing, powerful communication and electronic commerce. They enable remote access to information for users at home, work or on the move.
Introduction Overview • Concept of Data Communication • Communication Model • Data Representation and Data Flow • Computer Networks
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Concept of Data Communication • Data communications: – Deals with the transmission of signals in a reliable and efficient manner – The exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such as wire cable, wireless. • An effective data communication system depends on the following fundamental characteristics: – Delivery:- the system must deliver data to the correct destination – Accuracy:- the system must deliver the data accurately (no alteration) – Timeliness:- the system must deliver the data in a timely manner – Jitter:-jitter refers to the variation in the packet arrival time. It is the uneven delay in the delivery of audio or video packets. 04/10/2023 Set by Hailemariam 3 Data Communication Model • The fundamental purpose of a communications system is the exchange of data between two parties • General block diagram of a simple communication model
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Cont’d… • The key elements of the communication model are: – Source:- generates the data to be transmitted • Telephones, PCs – Transmitter:- transforms and encodes the information in such a way as to produce electromagnetic signals that can be transmitted across some sort of transmission system. • Modem:- transforms digital bit stream into analog signal that is suitable for the transmission media being used – Transmission system:- this is either a single transmission line or a complex network connecting source and destination
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Cont’d… – Receiver: The receiver accepts the signal from the transmission system and converts it into a form that can be handled by the destination device. • For example, a modem will accept an analog signal coming from a network or transmission line and convert it into a digital bit stream – Destination: Takes the incoming data from the receiver.
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Components of Data Communication
• A data communication system in general has five
components
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Data Representation and Data Flow • Data Representation – Information in data communication may be in the form of:- text, numbers, image, audio and video • Data Flow – Communication between two devices can be: • Simplex:- unidirectional e.g. keyboard, traditional monitors • Half duplex:- each station can transmit and receive but not at the same time e.g. Walkie-talkie radios • Full duplex (Duplex):- both stations can transmit and receive at the same time (simultaneously). E.g. telephone network
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What is Computer Networking? • Networks: is a set of devices connected by communication links – Networking deals with the technology and architecture of the communications networks used to interconnect communicating devices • An interconnection of computers and computing equipment using either wires or radio waves over small or large geographic areas – Two computers are said to be interconnected if they are able to exchange information
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Why do we need Networking? • Business applications – Resource sharing: the goal is to make all programs, equipment, and especially data available to anyone on the network without regard to the physical location of the resource and the user. • Sharing common printer, data/information sharing – Provide a powerful communication medium among employees. • email, videoconferencing and others – Help companies in doing business electronically with other companies, especially suppliers and customers. • online booking, order online – It is called e-commerce (electronic commerce) 04/10/2023 Set by Hailemariam 10 Cont’d… • The client and server machines connected by a network
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Cont’d… • Home Applications – Some of the more popular uses of networking (Internet) for home users are as follows: • Access to remote information. • Person-to-person communication. • Interactive entertainment. • Electronic commerce. • Mobile Users – Portable office: some one can do activities that he/she is supposed to do from office while walking or driving using portable electronic equipment • Example: to send and receive telephone calls, faxes, and electronic mail, surf the Web, access remote files, and log on to remote machines. • Social Issues – Exchange messages with like-minded individuals. • Example: politics, religion, sport, teaching/learning… etc 04/10/2023 Set by Hailemariam 12 04/10/2023 Set by Hailemariam 13