Detecting and Recognising Lung Cancer

Presented By :
1 Brijesh Dubey ARMIET/CS20DB014
2 Komal Mishra ARMIET/CS21/MK240
3 Saurabhchandra Singh ARMIET/CS21/SS236
4 Vaishnavi Patil ARMIET/CS21/PV254

T.E. (Computer)
Semester-III
Guided By : Prof.
 ABSTRACT
● Lung cancer is one of the most dreadful diseases in the developing countries
and its mortality rate is 19.4%. Early detection of lung tumor is done by using
many imaging techniques such as Computed Tomography (CT), Sputum
Cytology, Chest X-ray and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

● The chance of survival at the advanced stage is less when compared to the
treatment and lifestyle to survive cancer therapy when diagnosed at the early
stage of the cancer. Manual analysis and diagnosis system can be greatly
improved with the implementation of image processing techniques.

● Neural network plays a key role in the recognition of the cancer cells among the
normal tissues, which in turn provides an effective tool for building an assistive AI
based cancer detection. The cancer treatment will be effective only when the
tumor cells are accurately separated from the normal cells.

● Classification of the tumor cells and training of the neural network forms the
basis for the machine learning based cancer diagnosis. This major project
presents a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based technique to classify the
lung tumors as malignant or benign.
 INTRODUCTION
• A neural network in a modern sense is a network or circuit of artificial neurons,
to build an artificial neural network. The connections of the neurons are
modeled as weights. A positive weight reflects an excitatory connection, while
negative values mean inhibitory connections.

• CNNs, like neural networks, are made up of neurons with learnable weights and
biases. Each neuron receives several inputs, takes a weighted sum over them,
passes it through an activation function and responds with an output. The whole
network has a loss function and all the tips and tricks that was developed for
neural networks still apply on CNNs.

 Image Recognition
 Video Analysis
 Natural Language Processing
 Drug Discovery
 Existing System
• Pathologists diagnose 14 million new patients with cancer around the world.
That’s millions of people who’ll face years of uncertainty.Pathologists have been
performing cancer diagnoses and prognoses for decades. Most pathologists
have a 96–98% success rate for diagnosing cancer. They’re pretty good at that
part.The problem comes in the next part.According to the Oslo University
Hospital, the accuracy of prognoses is only 60% for pathologists. A prognosis is
the part of a biopsy that comes after cancer has been diagnosed, it is predicting
the development of the disease. ML has key advantages over Pathologists.
Firstly, machines can work much faster than humans. A biopsy usually takes a
Pathologist 10 days. A computer can do thousands of biopsies in a matter of
seconds.
 PROBLEM DEFINITION
• Diagnosing cancer at its earliest stages often provides the best chance for a
cure.
• For a few cancers, studies show screening tests can save lives by diagnosing
cancer early. For other cancers, screening tests are recommended only for
people with increased risk.
• With the help, of machine learning, we can help predict cancer accurately
which will help in early diagnosing and provide the right treatment needed for
the patient.
FEATURES
 FUTURE SCOPE
For future work, we plan on making an extra analysis, where we are going to
change the DNN to output 2 values (0 and 1) and determine which one has higher
certainty of classification. This way, we can classify the image not even as being a
decimal value between 0.0 or 1.0, but also compare what proportion is 0 (not
cancer) and the way much is 1 (cancer). For extra future work, almost like Cruz-
Roa and Ovalle, who used RGB (color) images to spotlight the realm of malignant
cells, we plan on modifying the DNN to indicate to us where (the location) on the
CT image it's detected a cancer.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
a. Windows XP or Above
b. 2GB of RAM
c. Any Dual Core Processor or above
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
A. Python
B. Keras Library
C. Anaconda Navigator
D. Numpy
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
USE CASE DIAGRAM
 CONCLUSION
The first novelty in our paper is using the K-means algorithm to pre-classify the
pictures into piles of same slice images, where the DNN can specialize in image
classification of same slice images.

The second novelty is that the additional convolution layer with edge sharpening
filters, to thoroughly search for cancer. Finally, the most novelty is testing our
Deep Neural Network with carcinoma images from Tx stages 2, 3 and 4 and
determining at which Tx stage the 2 algorithms can detect the possibility of
cancer. The results were analyzed with medical personnel from the oncology
department and were marked as satisfactory to see cancer in T3 phase.
 REFERENCES
• 1. “Lung cancer detection using digital image processing and artificial neural
networks”. Published by IEEE 2017 international conference, authored by S.
Kalaivani, Pramit Chatterjee, Shikhar Juyal, Rishi Gupta
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8212773
• 2. “A Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Lung Cancer Diagnostic” by
Mehdi Fatan Serj, Bahram Lavi, Gabriella Hoff and Domenec Puig Valls
• 3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6232785/
• 4. “Computer aided lung cancer detection”. Published by IEEE 2015 Global
Conference, authored by Sruthi Ignatious, Robin Joseph
• 5. “Using Double Convolutional Neural Network for Lung Cancer Stage
Detection” by Goran Jakimovski and Danco Davcev.
THANK YOU