INTRODUCTION TO

GENETICS
 The science of
inheritance
 Parents and
offspring
 heredity is the set
of characteristics
an organism
receives from his
parents
INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS
 INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS
 Gregor Mendel
 worked with peas
 discovered 7 traits
in true breeding pea
plants
 F1 generation
 F2 generation
 INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS
 Gene functional unit that
controls inherited trait
expression that is passed
on from one generation to
the next
 Dominant allele a
specific trait that appears
in the F1 generation
 Denoted with a capital
letter
 INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS
 Recessive allele a
specific trait that is
masked in the F1
generation
 Denoted with a
small letter
 Homozygous
organism with two of
the same alleles for a
specific trait
 INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS
 Heterozygous
organism with two
different alleles for a
specific trait
 Hybrid organism
heterozygous for a
specific trait
INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS
 INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS
 Segregation
 A process that
separates the
two alleles
 Independent
assortment
 INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS
 Mendel’s principles
 individual units, called genes,
determine biological characteristics
 For each gene, an organism
receives one allele from each
parent.
 INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS
 if an organism inherits different alleles
for the same trait, one allele may be
dominant over the other
 some genes segregate independently
 INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS

 TURN AND TALK

Explain dominanc
e, segregation,
and independent
assortment.
 INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS
 Meiosis
 Chromosomes
 Forming gametes
 haploid and diploid cells
 Haploid having one copy of each
chromosome
 Diploid having two copies of each
chromosome
 INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS
 Phases of meiosis
 Have students reproduce chart on pg
133 of book.
 Meiosis and genetic diversity
 chromosome combinations (pg 134 in
book)
 INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS
 Crossing over
exchange of
chromosomal
segments between
a pair of
homologous
chromosomes
during prophase I
 INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS

 TURN AND TALK

Explain how cross
ing over increase
s genetic diversit
y.
 INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS
 Analyzing
inheritance
 Probability
 Probability and
genetics
 INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS
 A closer look at heredity
 Incomplete
dominance complex
heritance pattern in
which the heterozygous
phenotype is
intermediate between
two heterozygous
parents
 INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS
 Co-dominance
complex inheritance
pattern that occurs
when neither allele
is dominant and
both alleles are
expressed
 INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS
 Polygenic traits
characteristic,
such as eye color
or skin color, that
results from the
interaction of
multiple gene pairs