CONSTELLATIONS

MARK WILSON C.
MARCO
LEARNING
COMPETENCIES
/OBJECTIVES
IN THIS LESSON, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
• INFER SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS BASED ON THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUN;
• INFER THE ARRANGEMENT OF STARS IN A GROUP
(CONSTELLATION) DOES NOT CHANGE FOR A VERY LONG
PERIOD OF TIME;
• OBSERVE HOW THE POSITION OF A CONSTELLATION
CHANGES IN THE COURSE OF A NIGHT;
• USE CHARTS THAT SHOWS WHICH CONTELLATIONS MAY BE
OBSERVED AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF THE YEAR.
B RAINSTO R M Q U EST IONS

WHAT ARE YOU CURIOUS ABOUT

CONSTELLATIONS???
ARE THE STARS SAME IN SIZE? HOW MANY STARS
1 4 ARE THERE IN OUR UNIVERSE?

ARE THE STARS EQUALLY

2 BRIGHT?
LET’S
3 WHAT IS THE LARGEST STAR IN OUR FIND
GALAXY?
OUT!
 L E SSON
1
WHAT IS CONSTELLATIONS?
CONSTELLATIONS ARE GROUPS OF
STARS THAT APPEAR TO FORM PATTERNS
OR SHAPES WHEN VIEWED FROM EARTH.
THESE PATTERNS HAVE BEEN
RECOGNIZED AND NAMED BY PEOPLE
THROUGHOUT HISTORY, AND MANY OF
THEM HAVE STORIES OR MYTHS
ASSOCIATED WITH THEM.
 L E SSON
1
WHAT IS CONSTELLATIONS?

CONSTELLATIONS ARE OFTEN USED BY ASTRONOMERS AS A WAY TO

NAVIGATE AND LOCATE OBJECTS IN THE NIGHT SKY. SOME
CONSTELLATIONS ARE VISIBLE ALL YEAR ROUND, WHILE OTHERS CAN
ONLY BE SEEN AT CERTAIN TIMES OF THE YEAR. THE STUDY OF
CONSTELLATIONS AND THEIR MOVEMENTS IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS.
 ARE THE STARS SAME IN SIZE?

NO, STARS ARE NOT ALL THE SAME SIZE. STARS COME IN A WIDE RANGE OF
SIZES, FROM RELATIVELY SMALL STARS KNOWN AS RED DWARFS, TO MASSIVE
STARS THAT ARE MANY TIMES LARGER THAN OUR SUN. THE SIZE OF A STAR IS
DETERMINED BY ITS MASS, WITH MORE MASSIVE STARS BEING LARGER AND
MORE LUMINOUS THAN LESS MASSIVE STARS. THE LARGEST KNOWN STARS ARE
OVER 1,000 TIMES THE SIZE OF OUR SUN, FROM OUR PERSPECTIVE HERE ON
EARTH, ALL STARS APPEAR AS TINY POINTS OF LIGHT IN THE NIGHT SKY,
REGARDLESS OF THEIR ACTUAL SIZE.
 ARE THE STARS EQUALLY BRIGHT?

NO, STARS ARE NOT EQUALLY BRIGHT. STARS HAVE DIFFERENT SIZES,
TEMPERATURES, AND DISTANCES FROM EARTH, WHICH ALL AFFECT THEIR
BRIGHTNESS AS SEEN FROM OUR PERSPECTIVE.

THE APPARENT BRIGHTNESS OF A STAR AS SEEN FROM EARTH IS CALLED ITS

APPARENT MAGNITUDE, WHICH IS MEASURED ON A SCALE WHERE LOWER
NUMBERS INDICATE BRIGHTER STARS..
 WHAT IS THE largest star in our galaxy?

ANTARES (ALSO KNOWN AS ALPHA SCORPII) IS A RED SUPERGIANT STAR

LOCATED IN THE CONSTELLATION SCORPIUS, APPROXIMATELY 550 LIGHT-YEARS
AWAY FROM EARTH.

THE LARGEST KNOWN STAR IN OUR GALAXY, AND ALSO THE LARGEST KNOWN
STAR IN THE UNIVERSE SO FAR, IS UY SCUTI. IT IS A RED SUPERGIANT STAR
LOCATED IN THE CONSTELLATION SCUTUM, APPROXIMATELY 9,500 LIGHT-YEARS
AWAY FROM EARTH.
 HOW MANY STARS
are there in our universe?
ASTRONOMERS ESTIMATE THAT THERE ARE AROUND 100 BILLION TO 400
BILLION STARS IN OUR GALAXY, THE MILKY WAY. AND IT IS ESTIMATED THAT
THERE ARE AT LEAST 2 TRILLION GALAXIES IN THE OBSERVABLE UNIVERSE,
EACH CONTAINING THEIR OWN LARGE NUMBER OF STARS.
ACTIVITY
TIME!!!
 ARIES (RAM)
MARCH-21 APR-19
TAURUS(BULL)
APR-20 MAY20
GEMINI(TWIN)
MAY 21-JUN 21
 CANCER
JUN-22 JUL-22
 LEO (LION)
JUL-23 AUG 22
VIRGO(VIRGIN)
AUG-23 SEP-22
LIBRA (BALANCE)
SEPT23-OCT-23
 SCORPIO
(SCORPION)
OCT-24-NOV-21
SAGITTARIUS
(ARCHER)
NOV-22 DEC 21
 CAPRICORN
(GOAT)
DEC. 22-JAN 19
 AQUARIUS
WATER BEARER)
JAN-20 FEB 18
 PISCES
(FISH)
FEB-19-MARCH20
 TYPES OF CONSTELLATIONS

THERE ARE 88 OFFICIAL CONSTELLATIONS

RECOGNIZED BY THE INTERNATIONAL
ASTRONOMICAL UNION (IAU).
1.THESE CONSTELLATIONS ARE GROUPED INTO
DIFFERENT CATEGORIES BASED ON THEIR LOCATION
IN THE SKY, SUCH AS NORTHERN, SOUTHERN,
ZODIACAL, AND CIRCUMPOLAR CONSTELLATIONS.
 FU N
FACT
NAMING CONVENTIONS
1.CONSTELLATIONS ARE TYPICALLY NAMED AFTER
MYTHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS, ANIMALS, OR OBJECTS. FOR
EXAMPLE, THE CONSTELLATION ORION IS NAMED AFTER A
HUNTER FROM GREEK MYTHOLOGY, AND URSA MAJOR IS
NAMED AFTER A BEAR.
 NAVIGATIONS

1.: IN THE PAST, CONSTELLATIONS WERE USED AS

NAVIGATIONAL AIDS FOR SAILORS AND TRAVELERS.
TODAY, THEY ARE STILL USED BY ASTRONOMERS TO
LOCATE CELESTIAL OBJECTS IN THE SKY.
Stars within constellations: Each constellation is made up of
several stars, and some of
 1.STARS WITHIN
CONSTELLATIONS

1.STARS WITHIN CONSTELLATIONS: EACH CONSTELLATION

IS MADE UP OF SEVERAL STARS, AND SOME OF THESE
STARS MAY HAVE NAMES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THEIR
OWN.
 OBSERVATION:

OBSERVING CONSTELLATIONS CAN BE DONE WITH THE NAKED EYE

OR WITH TELESCOPES. SOME POPULAR CONSTELLATIONS TO
OBSERVE INCLUDE THE BIG DIPPER, ORION, ZODIAC AND THE
SOUTHERN CROSS.
CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE:

CONSTELLATIONS HAVE PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE

CULTURES AND BELIEFS OF MANY SOCIETIES THROUGHOUT
HISTORY. THEY HAVE BEEN USED FOR STORYTELLING, ASTROLOGY,
AND RELIGIOUS PURPOSES.
 SCIENTIFIC STUDY:

ASTRONOMY IS THE STUDY OF CELESTIAL OBJECTS AND PHENOMENA,

INCLUDING CONSTELLATIONS. SCIENTISTS USE TELESCOPES AND
OTHER INSTRUMENTS TO OBSERVE THE STARS AND LEARN ABOUT THE
UNIVERSE.
 ASTROLOGY:

WHILE NOT SCIENTIFICALLY PROVEN, SOME PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT THE

POSITION OF THE STARS AND CONSTELLATIONS AT THE TIME OF THEIR
BIRTH CAN INFLUENCE THEIR PERSONALITY AND FUTURE. ASTROLOGY
IS A POPULAR FORM OF DIVINATION AND SELF-DISCOVERY FOR MANY
PEOPLE.
OVERALL, CONSTELLATIONS CONTINUE TO BE AN IMPORTANT PART OF
OUR DAILY LIVES, BOTH AS A SOURCE OF INSPIRATION AND WONDER,
AND AS A PRACTICAL TOOL FOR NAVIGATION AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY.
THANK YOU
SEE YOU NEXT
TIME