THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS ON ISOMETRIC

CONTRACTION STRENGTH OF THE QUADRICEPS FEMORIS

AND MUSCLE MASS OF UNJANI MEDICAL FACULTY
STUDENTS WHO SUFFER FROM OBESITY
RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Alfrizan Adzan Subkhi

4111191031

Supervisor: Co-Supervisor :
Dr. Wendra.,dr., M.Kes Rina Munirah B., dr., MKM.,Sp.DV
TABLE OF CONTENT
01 RESEARCH BACKGROUND

02 PROBLEM INDENTIFICATION

03 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

04 RESEARCH BENEFIT

LITERATURE REVIEW
05

RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
06

07 RESEARCH METHODS
CHAPTER I
RESEARCH BACKGROUND
 RESEARCH
BACKGROUND
Obesity occurs due to an imbalance Low physical activity or sedentary
of energy intake with energy used lifestyle is a risk factor for obesity
for a long time

Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25.0 kg/m Students of the Faculty of Medicine
tend to have low physical activity

Obesity can cause disturbances in decrease in muscle mass and

various body systems muscle strength

Late adolescence is in the range The Adolescent Sedentary Activity

of 17-25 years Questionnaire (ASAQ)
 EPIDEMIOLOGY

650 million people

suffer from obesity

Riskesdas 2018 🡪 21,8%

Suffer from obesity

West Jawa in Riskesdas

2018 🡪 23%
Suffer from obesity
CHAPTER 2
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
 PROBLEM
IDENTIFICATION
How are the characteristics of How is the description of the
How is the prevalence of undergraduate students of the isometric contraction strength
01 obesity in undergraduate
students of the Unjani
02 Unjani Faculty of Medicine who
suffer from obesity based on; 03 of the Quadriceps Femoris in
undergraduate students of the
Faculty of Medicine? age, gender, and activity level Faculty of Medicine, Unjani
based on the ASAQ who are obese?
questionnaire?.

Is there a difference in the strength of the

How is the description of
muscle mass in
04 undergraduate students of
the Unjani Faculty of
Medicine who are obese?.
quadricep femoris isometric contraction
between undergraduate students of FK
05 Unjani who suffer from obesity with
sedentary behavior and undergraduate
students of FK Unjani who suffer from
obesity with normal activities?

Is there a difference in muscle mass

between undergraduate students of FK
Unjani who suffer from obesity with
06 sedentary behavior and undergraduate
students of FK Unjani who suffer from
obesity with normal activities?
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
 General
To determine the difference between
To find out the prevalence
isometric contraction strength
of obesity in
quadriceps femoris and muscle mass
undergraduate students
in obese students at the
of the Unjani Faculty of
undergraduate stage medical student
Medicine.
Faculty Of Medicine Unjani.
To find out the description
of muscle mass in
undergraduate students of
the Unjani Faculty of
RESEARCH Medicine who are obese.
OBJECTIVE To find out a difference in the strength of
the quadricep femoris isometric
contraction between undergraduate
students of FK Unjani who suffer from
obesity with sedentary behavior and
undergraduate students of FK Unjani
who suffer from obesity with normal
activities.
Spesific
To find out the characteristics of
undergraduate students of the
Unjani Faculty of Medicine who
suffer from obesity based on;
age, gender, and activity level
based on the ASAQ
questionnaire.
To find out the description of the
isometric contraction strength of
the Quadriceps Femoris in
undergraduate students of the
Faculty of Medicine, Unjani who
are obese.
To find out a difference in muscle mass
between undergraduate students of FK
Unjani who suffer from obesity with
sedentary behavior and undergraduate
students of FK Unjani who suffer from
obesity with normal activities?
CHAPTER 4
RESEARCH BENEFIT
 RESEARCH
BENEFIT

Academic
To provide information and
the result are expected to be
a reference and data that
are usefull for futher
research
Practical
for health workers to provide
education in the form of
promotive and preventive
actions to prevent obesity, for
the community to take
preventive action by
adopting a healthy lifestyle to
prevent obesity
CHAPTER 5
Literature Review
 Physical Activity Levels

Very low physical activity or a sedentary

lifestyle is Based on ASAQ questionnaire, it
is
said to be high when doing low activity more
than or equal to 5 hours, said to be low
when doing low activity less than 5 hours

Kemenkes 2013, “sedentary lifestyle is the

behavior of sitting or lying down on a daily
basis both at work and at home such as
working at the computer, reading, watching
television, playing games etc., outside of
bedtime.”
 Quadriceps Femoris
The quadriceps femoris muscle is part of
the anterior thigh muscle
2
3
4
Isometric Muscle Contraction

A muscle contraction is said to be isometric if the

muscle does not shorten during contraction.
so that the isometric system only changes in the
strength of the muscle itself. The isometric system
is the system most often used to compare the
functional characteristics of various muscle type.
 Muscle Strength
Leg dynamometer is an instrument used to measure the strength of the
lower extremity muscles in this case the quadriceps muscle with
a reliability value of 92%

Levels Men Women

(kg) (kg)
Very Good ≥ 54,5 ≥ 37

Good 44,5 - 54 27 - 36,5

Moderate 33,5 – 44,5 19 – 26,5

Bad 27,5 - 33 19 – 18,5

Very Bad ≤ 24 ≤ 13,5

 Muscle Mass
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is one of the instruments
used to measure muscle mass with a sensitivity of 98%.

Levels Men Women

(kg) (kg)
Very Good ≥ 88 ≥ 75

Good 76 - 88 63 - 75

Bad 71 - 76 56 - 61

Very Bad ≤ 72 ≤ 56
The Effect of Obesity on Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass

In obesity there is an increase in IMCL (Intramyocellular Lipid) which

causes a decrease in the contractility and strength of skeletal muscles, one
of
which is the quadriceps muscle and will ultimately decrease its torque and
strength.
Under conditions of obesity, adipose tissue can accumulate in the viscerae,
subcutaneous, and ectopic. Ectopic adipose tissue is fat located in organs
that are not related to fat storage, one of which is muscle, namely in the
fasciculus and intramyocellular or in muscle cells.
Premise

Premise I: Low physical activity or a sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for

obesity.

Premise II : Medical Student have low physical activity so that Medical

Student have risk factors for suffering from obesity.

Premise III: Obesity can affect the strength of the quadriceps femoris
contraction and muscle mass due to decreased muscle contractility
function due to intramyocellular fat deposits.
Hypothesis

Ho : Physical activity level has no significant effect on Quadriceps Femoris

Isometric Contraction Strength and Muscle Mass of Medical Student Unjani
who Suffer from Obesity

H1 : Physical activity level has significant effect on Quadriceps Femoris

Isometric Contraction Strength and Muscle Mass of Medical Student Unjani
who Suffer from Obesity
CHAPTER 6
Research Framework
CHAPTER 7
Research Method
 Research Method

1 2 3
Design Subject Inclution criteria
Active student of Active student, male or
Analytic with design
Undergraduate medical female 18-24 years old,
crossectional
student Unjani BMI ≥ 25 kg/m

5 4
Technique Exclution criteria
Student with history
Total sampling surgery, fracture, trauma,
infection inferior extremity,
anatomical abnormalities
Number of Sample
 Research
Variable

Independent Dependent
1. quadriceps femoris isometric
Physical Activity Levels contraction strength
2. Muscle mass
 Research Instrument

Questionere
The Adolescent Back leg
Microtoise
Sedentary Activity Dynamometer
Questionnaire (ASAQ)

Bioelectrical
Impedance Stationaries & Computer for
Analysis (BIA) Papers Data Analysis
 ASAQ Quesionnaire

Answer questions: Interpretation :

• Fill in minutes • High ≥5 hours/day
• On weekdays the number of minutes is divided into 5, if the • Low < 5 hours/day
weekend is divided into 2, then add up
• Change in clock form
Research Flow
 Ethical Aspect Research

Informed Autonomy Confidentiality

Consent
Respondents agreed The researcher Respondent’s identity
and signed the explained to the will be kept
informed consent respondents about the confidential
form aims and
objectives of the
research
Research Schedule

Location Time

Fakultas Kedokteran November 2022 –

UNJANI February 2023
Thank You!