What is 6-sigma

DMAIC

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 1. What is quality?

American Society for Quality: “totality of features and

characteristics that satisfy needs without deficiencies”

Mean that, customers are happy with the products or/and

services when company satisfy their requirements.

Customers satisfy, they will buy more at the suitable price

and then company get more profits

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 Quality dimensions should focus?
Performance basic operating characteristics of a product

Features “extra” items added to basic features, such as a stereo CD or a leather interior in a
car
Reliability probability that a product will operate properly within an expected time frame

Conformance degree to which a product meets pre–established standards

Durability how long product lasts before replacement

Serviceability ease of getting repairs, speed of repairs

Aesthetics how a product looks, feels, sounds, smells, or tastes

Safety assurance that customer will not suffer injury or harm from a product
The quality
dimensions or Perceptions subjective perceptions based on brand name
factors make
customers Time and how long must a customer wait for service
satisfy with timeliness
products and Completeness is everything customer asked for provided?
services
Courtesy how are customers treated by employees?

Consistency is same level of service provided to each customer each time?

Accessibility and how easy is it to obtain service?

convenience
Accuracy is service performed right every time?

Responsiveness how well does company react to unusual situations?

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 2. Relationship quality and cost

Loss ($)

Conformance to valid
customer requirements, as
long as an output fell No Good No
within acceptable limits, good No loss good
called specification Loss Loss
limits, around a desired
value (nominal value), it
was considered Nominal
conforming, good, or Tolerance
acceptable. Lower Higher
Specification Specification
Limit Limit

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 Case study Relationship quality and cost

• Diameter of wood component is

25 mm (the nominal value).
• A tolerance of 5 mm
• If a diameter measures less
than 20 mm or more than 30
mm, it is not conforming to
specifications, and is scrapped Loss ($)
at a cost of $1.00 per product

Loss No loss Loss

Nominal
25
Tolerance
20 30

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 Case study Relationship quality and cost
Every millimeter higher or lower than 25mm causes a loss:
L(y) = (A/d2)(y-m)2 = ($1.00/52)(y-25)2 (Taguchi Loss Function)
L(y) = (.04)(y-25)2 (dollars)

Diameter (y) L(y) (dollars)

18 1,96 2
19 1,44 1,8 Taguchi
20 1 1,6

L(y) (dollars)
21 0,64 1,4 Traditional
22 0,36 1,2
23 0,16 1
24 0,04 0,8
25 0 0,6
26 0,04 0,4
27 0,16 0,2
28 0,36 0
29 0,64 15 20 25 30 35
30 1 diamter (mm)
31 1,44
32 1,96

--> Under the Taguchi Loss Function, small loss if less variation and diameter
value is around nominal value
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Taguchi loss function - Relationship quality and cost

• When the degree of uniformity of a product is high, the quality is high, and
the manufacturing cost is less
• Degree of uniformity of process B is higher process A
• Or process B has variation less than process A
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 Variance of process A, and process B

process A

process B

• After take action to improve skill of worker, or variation of machine, method,

etc, the variation of new process B is lower than process A.

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3. What is 6-sigma?

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 3. What is 6-sigma?

https://www.slideshare.net/YUSARTEA/six-sigma-for-beginner
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3. What is 6-sigma?

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3. What is 6-sigma?

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3. What is 6-sigma?

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3. What is 6-sigma?

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 Where can Six Sigma be applied?

Service
Design
Management

Purchase

Administration Six Sigma

Methods Production

Quality
Depart. IT
HRM
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 *SIX SIGMA METHODOLOGY
*BPMS
Business Process Management System

*DMAIC - Define,Measure,Analyse,Improve.Control
Six Sigma Improvement Methodology

*DMADV-(Define—Measure—Analyze—Design—Verify)
Creating new process which will perform at Six Sigma

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Step 1: DEFINE - Define the problem or
opportunity
Define Phase Deliverables:
1.1 Define business case
1.2 Define problem statement
1.3 Establish baseline project metrics
1.4 Define objective statement and scope
1.5 Form project team
1.6 Identify financial impact
1.7 Complete project charter
1.8 Approved project charter

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Step 2: MEASURE - Measure the current
performance and capability
Measure Phase Deliverables:
2.1 Map the process
2.2 Collect process data
2.3 Verify data integrity
2.4 Document process behavior
2.5 Baseline process capability (Sigma level
or DPMO)
2.6 Quick wins (A quick win is a change that is visible and
will have immediate impacts)
2.7 List of potential X's
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Step 3: ANALYZE - Analyze to
identify root causes
Analyze Phase Deliverables:
3.1 Cause and effect analysis
3.2 FMEA
3.3 Graphical analysis
3.4 Statistical analysis

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Step 4: IMPROVE - Improve by
implementing potential solutions
Improve Phase Deliverables:
4.1 Generate solutions
4.2 Evaluate solutions
4.3 Pilot and implement solutions 4.4
Statement of Y = f(X)

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Step 5: CONTROL - Control by standardizing
solution and monitoring performance
Control Phase Deliverables:
5.1 Control methods
5.2 Control plan
5.3 Clear indication of improved primary
metric
5.4 Project transition action plan
5.5 Project approval
5.6 Financial validation
5.7 Lessons learned
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Step 5: CONTROL - Control by standardizing
solution and monitoring performance
Control Phase Deliverables:
5.1 Control methods
5.2 Control plan
5.3 Clear indication of improved primary
metric
5.4 Project transition action plan
5.5 Project approval
5.6 Financial validation
5.7 Lessons learned
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 * NHẬN DIỆN

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 * XÁC ĐỊNH

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 * ĐO LƯỜNG

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 * PHÂN TÍCH

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 * CẢI TIẾN

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 * KIỂM SOÁT

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 Quản lý dự án 6-sigma

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