THE

NERVOUS

SYSTEM
Identify the parts and functions of the
nervous system;


Distinguish the divisions of the
nervous system using a concept map
LESSON OUTLINE
THE NERVOUS
01 SYSTEM
MAJOR DIVISIONS AND
02 PARTS OF THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM
03 THE NEURON
 SAY THE
COLOR NOT
THE WORD
CHALLENGE!
01 THE
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
● The nervous system controls and coordinates all body
functions.
● This system monitors internal and external stimuli such
as touch, smell, sound, blood pressure, and body
position.
● It plays an important role in the maintenance of
homeostasis, which stimulates or inhibits the activities
of other systems.
● Several mental activities including consciousness,
memory, and thinking are also processed here.
02 MAJOR
DIVISIONS
AND PARTS OF
THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM
 A. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(CNS)
● The CNS serves as the main
processing center for the entire
nervous system.
● Process signals emanating from
different body parts.
● Contains interneurons.
● Consists of the brain and the
spinal cord.
 CNS:
THE
BRAIN
● The brain is the control center of the CNS.
● It is a moist and spongy organ protected by skull bone and 3 distinct layers of
membranes that cover the entire brain called meninges.
● Composed of 10 billion neurons.
● The brain is divided into three parts: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
THE FOREBRAIN
Areas of the Components of the Area of Function
Brain the Brain

A.1 Cerebrum Largest part of the brain. Responsible

for sensory integration, memory,
reasoning, use of language, control of
A. Forebrain

emotional behavior, and initiation of

movement

A.2 Thalamus Relay center for sensory impulses

from surface receptors to cerebral
cortex, for crude awareness of
sensation

A.3 Hypothalamus Extracellular fluid, autonomic

nervous responses, and endocrine
functions
FOREBRAIN: CEREBRUM
The cerebrum has also 4 lobes:
 FOREBRAIN: CEREBRUM
1. Frontal Lobe- reasoning, planning, emotions,
judgement, and voluntary movements.
2. Parietal Lobe- important sensory centers: touch
pain and temperature.
3. Temporal Lobe- contains centers of hearing and
memory.
4. Occipital Lobe- interpret visual stimuli.
 Areas of the Components of the Area of Function
Brain the Brain

  coordinates tracking movements of the

Midbrain

eyes, also associated with hearing

B.

functions and helps regulate sleep

C.1 Cerebellum the part under the cerebrum that

controls posture, balance, and
C. Hindbrain

coordination.
C.2 Pons Bridge-like structure serving as relay center from
the medulla oblongata to the midbrain and the
cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus

C.3 Medulla oblongata center for regulating cardiovascular functions,

maintenance and control of breathing and
coordinating swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and
sneezing reflexes
 CNS: THE SPINAL CORD
● Thick bundle of nerve fibers that runs
form the base of the brain to the hip
area, running through the spine
(vertebral column)
● Connects brain to the nerves from all
over the body.
● Controls involuntary movements
called spinal reflexes.
 B. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM (PNS)
● The PNS connects the central
nervous system to the organs and
limbs.

● 2 Divisions: Somatic and

Autonomic Nervous system
 SOMATIC AUTONOMIC
Nervous System Nervous System
 PNS: SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
● This system is associated with the
voluntary control of body movements
and has two main parts:
1. Spinal Nerves – the nerves that carry
motor and sensory signals between the
spinal cord and the body.
 PNS: SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
2. Cranial Nerves – the nerve
fibers that carry information into
and out of the brain stem. There
are 12 cranial nerves.
 PNS: AUTONOMIC NERVOUS
SYSTEM
● This system is associated with the involuntary control of body
movements and has two subdivisions:
1. Sympathetic - it is activated when the body is in a dynamic
role or stress. (e.g., increased heart rate and breathing, dilation of
pupil, sweating, etc.)
2. Parasympathetic - it maintains body functions and restores
the body to normal or relaxed mode.
03 THE
NEURON
 NEURON
● A neuron is the structural unit of the
nervous system. It is mainly for
transmission of nerve impulses, an
electrochemical signal that is activated
from one neuron to another until it
reaches a tissue or organ that will elicit
an appropriate response to the stimulus.
 short branching
fibers that
transmits nerve
one long fiber that branches only at the terminal
impulse towards
ends. It transmits impulse away from the soma.
the soma.

fatty
covering

largest part which

includes most of the
constrictions along the myelin sheath that
cytoplasm, the Produces
nucleus and is where transmission of impulses occur,
myelin
organelles of the cell. increasing the speed 100x.
 THE 3 TYPES OF
NEURON:
1. SENSORY/AFFERENT
NEURONS- from receptor
cells to the spinal cord or
the brain.

2. INTERNEURON/
ASSOCIATIVE NEURON-
Connect sensory and
motor neurons.

3. MOTOR NEURONS- from

the brain or spinal cord to
effectors (muscles, glands)