Thermodynamics 1

Worked out problems for chapter 1

and chapter 3
 Constant Pressure
• A certain fluid at 15 bar is contained in a cylinder behind a piston, the initial volume being 0,06m^3
. Calculate the work done by the fluid when it expands reversibly :
• i) At constant pressure to a final volume of 0,2m^3

• for constant pressure we calculate the area under the graph to obtain the work done which
results to this formulae :

work input = P1 ( V1 –V2 )

= 15x10^5 (0,06 – 0,2 )
= - 210000 Nm
 Linear law
• according to a linear law to a final volume of 0,2 m^3 and a final pressure of 3 bar

• Work input for a linear law is still treated by calculating the area under the graph in this case
we only get two basic shapes which is a triangle and a rectangle with most basic formulars
½ Base x Height + Length x Breath
• Hence the work done can be calculated according :

• Work done = ½ ( V2-V1 )(P2 – P1 ) + P2 (V2 - V1 )

• = 10 ^5 ( 0,5( 0,2 – 0,06 )( 3 – 15 ) + 3 (0,2 – 0,06 )
= - 420000 Nm
 According to a Law pV= c
• According to a law pV = constant to a final Volume 0,2 m^3

• For PV = C the work done is calculated according to the formulae :

• work input = P1V1 x ln( V1/2 ) (Kj/Kg)

• = ( 15x10^5 )(0,06) x ln (0,06/0,2)

• = - 108357.552 Nm
 According to a law

• according to a law pV^3 = c to a final volume of 0,07m^3

• To calculated work done according to a law pV^n we use the following formulae this is foe
when the index (n) is given :

• Work =
• Work =
• = -11938 Nm
 PROBLEM 3.7
• 1kg of air is compressed isothermally and reversibly from 1bar and 30⁰c to 5 bar.
Calculate the work input and the heat supplied.

• Given :
M = 1kg
P1 = 1 bar
P2 = 5 bar
Note – The process is “isothermal “

Work input = ? Heat supplied = ?

W = RT*ln( Note : Q + W = U2 - U1 = 0
= (0.287)(303)*ln(5/1) Q+W=0
= 140 kj/kg Q=-W
Q = - 140 Kj/Kg
 Problem 3.6
Dry saturated steam at 7 bar expands reversibly In a cylinder behind a piston
until the pressure is 0.1 bar. If heat is supplied continiuosly during the process in
oder to keep the temperature constant, calculate the change of internal energy
Per unit steam of steam.
P2 = 0,1 bar
P1 = 7bar
U1 = ug @ 7bar = 7573 kj/kg ( dry saturated )
t1 = t @ 7bar = 165 ⁰c
t2 = t1 ( temperature kept constant )

U2 = u @ 165 ⁰c
 Interpolation
T (⁰C)

150

165

200
X = 2610, 2 kj/kg
 Change of internal energy
∆u = u2 – u1
= 2573 – 2610,2
= 37,2 kj/kg