Training for Defensive

& Lifting Permit

Implementation

By A.V. Sandeep
19-05-2016
ROAD SAFETY & DEFENSIVE DRIVING
 OBJECTIVES
To know the hazards & danger
involved in driving a vehicle and
take necessary precautions to save
lives, time and money.
 TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS:

• Every 8th minute, there is 01 road casualty in India.

• There are 11 accidents for every 1000 vehicles.
•Every year out of 01 lacs unnatural deaths in India,
nearly 68000 (more than 34%) are due to road
accidents.
• Mostly males, who are earning members in the
family, die.
 ACCIDENT BLACK SPOTS:

• Uncontrolled junction
• Bus stop
• Gaps within Road Dividers
• On street Parking places
• Building access (while reversing)
• Road Bend
• National Highway
Factors involved for causing road
accidents

Light W
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• Inadequate training DRIVER
• Easily obtained License
• Lack of knowledge of rules & regulations
• Long working hours fatigue
• Health fitness is poor
• Drinking habits
• Emotional stress
• Over confidence in driving
• Seeing Ability:
-Color blindness
-40% elderly drivers can not see road signs at night.
-10to 30 times more illumination level is required to see at
night.
 DRIVER

• Physical stress

• Illumination
• Knowledge and skill
• Attitude
 DEFENSIVE DRIVING
Defensive Driving: ?
It is the driving to save lives, time & money in-
spite of the conditions around you and the actions
of others.
Conditions: Roads, weather, traffic, light etc.
Actions of others: Violations, discourtesy, lack of
knowledge of other Drivers etc.
 DEFENSIVE DRIVING
Factors affecting driving skills

• Fatigue (overworking hours)

Stop when you feel tired/ sleepy, take rest, tea
& arrange other driver to drive.
• Medicine (calmpose, avil, benadryl)
• Disturb mind
•Distraction (pet, children at back seat, loud
music, etc.)
• Drunken driving88
 Sign of Fatigue

• Constant yawning
• Driving across the lane
• Eyes closing
• Difficulties in keeping head up
• Increase/ decrease of speed
 TYRES & ROAD SAFETY

•Tyres form a vital link between vehicle and

road.
•Safe journey depends largely on the fitness of
tyres.
ALCOHOL & DRIVING

Effects of alcohol;
• Promotes risk taking
• Lower reflexes
• Vision and hearing capacity diminishes
• Reaction time increases
• No control over controlling devices
ALCOHOL & DRIVING
Driving errors:
• Fast & slow
• Wrong lane
• Running over the footpath
• Not signaling
• Quick & jerky start
• Changing lanes frequently
EMERGENCIES

• Bursting of tyres
• Accelerator sticks
• Skidding
• Brake failure
• Bonnet flies up
• Vehicle stalls
• Running off the road
• Fire
BREAKDOWN

• Inform supervisor
• Switch on warning lights
• Keep vehicle away from movement of traffic
• Display warning triangle
• Apply hand brake
• Convoy supervisor will inform to the control room
•Control room will inform emergency breakdown
control point.
MECHANICAL FAILURE

• Brake failure
What to do?
• Tyre burst
What to do?
• Sudden loss of acceleration
What to do?
• Bonnet flies up
What to do?
 If vehicle lights go off

•Keep the vehicle straight on

the road, slowly
• Take to the shoulder
• Brake to stop
• Park
FIRE

Disconnect the battery.

Discuss, what to do?
COLLISION WITH PEDESTRIANS

Remedy;
• Be alert
• Blow horn
• Slow down
• Give them priority
TYPES OF RAILWAY CROSSINGS

• Manned
• Unmanned
• Indicators provided
COLLISION

• Electrical poles/ walls etc.

• Many while reversing
 COLLISION WITH ANIMALS

• Cows, buffalos, horses, cats, dogs, etc.

REMEDY

• Slow down
• Their behaviour is unpredictable
• Give them priority
COLLISION WITH BICYCLE

• It is a vehicle

• Expected to follow traffic rules

• Two wheelers are vulnerable to death
Expecting collision with approaching vehicle

• Stay left
• Do not cross centre line.
 Collision with an oncoming vehicle
Rule 1: Read the road ahead
Rule 2: Drive to the left
Never crowd the central line. Ride in the centre
of a lane & give the centre line plenty of room.
Make a habit of using the far left lane.
Rule 3: Reduce speed
Slow down, blow horn/ flash your lights to warn
the erring driver. Continue slowing down and be
prepare to stop until the hazard is gone.
VEHICLE BEHIND
•You are equally responsible from a cross from
behind a vehicle.
• Keep watch through rear view mirror.
• Indicate them by indicator or by hand.
• Avoid sudden stop.
•Allow the vehicle to pass/ don’t increase your
speed.
• If the vehicle does not pass, slow down.
 OVERTAKING

•Most accidents happen while overtaking/ being

overtaken.
•You may have head on collision & a side sweep or
run off the road.
 DO NOT OVERTAKE

• On a marked NO OVERTAKING ZONE.

• On curves
• On hills
•100 meters before & at railway crossing or
cross roads.
•A vehicle, slowing down to give way to
pedestrians
 Avoid following too closely

• Reaction time: 3/4th of a second

•Gap between the vehicles: keep one
vehicle distance for every 10 kmph
speed.
 Defensive Driving Good Habits

• Observation;
-Who, where, when & what to look for.
• Communication
• Coordination
• Consideration
ATTITUDE

• Willing to Avoid mistakes

• Tolerance towards the
mistakes of others
• Respect for the law
• Respect for other road users
• Courtesy
 DAILY INSPECTIONS:
• Leakage of Oil, hydraulic oil & fuel
• Oil, hydraulic oils & water levels
• Lights & indicators
• Horn
• Reverse horn & lights
• Wipers
• Tyre pressure
•
 DAILY INSPECTIONS:

• Presence of safety equipments

• Brakes
• Tyres
• Fire extinguishers
• Rear view mirrors
 DEFENSIVE DRIVING

CONCLUSION

As a defensive driver, you must be always

alert on the road.