HUMAN METABOLISM

METABOLISM
• Carbohydrate Metabolism
• Lipid Metabolism
• Protein Metabolism
• Nucleic Acid Metabolism
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
 GLYCOLYSIS
• To catalyze carbohydrates
• Carbohydrate - > Pyruvic acid
• Cytoplasm
• 2 ATP
• 2 Pyruvic acid
• 2 NADH
 OXIDATIVE DECARBOXYLATION

• penetrate mitochondria
• Pyruvic acid -> Acetyl Co-a
• Matrix Mitokondria
• 2 CO2
• 2 Acetyl Co-a
• 2NADH
 KREBS CYCLE
• Release energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA y
• Matrix mitochondria
• 2 FADH
• 2 ATP
• 4 CO2
• 6 NADH
 ELECTRON TRANSFER
• Conversion of NADH and FADH to ATP
• Krista Mitochondria
• 1 FADH = 2 ATP
• 1 NADH = 3 ATP
 LIPID METABOLISM

LIPID FUNGSION
• Hydrocarbon • Organ Protector
• water insoluble but soluble in nonpolar • constituent of cell membranes
(ethyl, ether, benzene, chloroform) • keep body temperature
• Apolipoprotein/Apoprotein + Lipid =
Lipoprotein
• There 3 Lipid in our body : Cholesterol,
Triglycerol, and phospholipid
 TYPE OF
LIPOPROTEIN
• HDL (High Density Lipoprotein )
• LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein)
• IDL (Intermediate Density Lipoprotein)
• VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoprotein))
• Kilomicron
• Lipoprotein a

Lipoprotein dibedakan berdasarkan densitas nya

Densitas: pengukuran massa tiap satuan volume benda). HDL densitas tertinggi.
 METABOLIC PATHWAY
• Eksogen -> LDL
• Endogen -> LDL
• Reverse Transport Pathway (RCTP) -> HDL
 KATABOLISME PROTEIN
• Transaminasi
Aminotransferase enzymes transfer amines to α-ketoglutarate to produce glutamate or to
oxaloacetate to produce aspartate

• Deaminasi oksidatif
The release of the amine from glutamate produces ammonium ions
 FUNGSION OF PROTEIN
METABOLISM
• Formation of a new network
• faulty tissue replacement
• replace missing amino acids
• synthesis of functional molecules
• energy sources
 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
• Transcription • Translation
DNA -> mRNA mRNA -> Protein
- Inisiation - Insitation
- Elongation - Termination
- termination - Elongation
 AMINO ACID METABOLISM

Transmination Oxidative Deamination

• is the process of catabolism of amino acids • release of amine groups in the form of
which involves the transfer/ release of ammonia which is excreted in the form of
amino groups (-NH 2 ) from one AA to urea through the urine
another AA
• This transamination reaction occurs in
mitochondria and cytoplasmic fluid
THE REASON THE UREA CYCLE IS REFERRED TO
AS A CONTINUATION OF PROTEIN METABOLISM
UREA CYCLE
 REFERENCE
• 2. Cox MM, Nelson DL. Amino acid oxidation and the production of urea. In. Lehninger.
Princilples of Biochemistry. 5th. ed. Replica Press Pvt, Ltd. 2010; p. 673-6
• METABOLISME LIPOPROTEIN Edmond L. Jim Bagian Kardiologi dan Kedokteran
Vaskular Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado
• JTK: Jurnal Tadris Kimiya 4, 1 (Juni 2019): 69-77
• PENGEMBANGAN E-MODULE BIOKIMIA PADA MATERI METABOLISME KARBOHIDRAT UNTUK MAHASISWA
PROGRAM STUDI KIMIA Siti Munawaroh1 , Rara Seruni1 , Muktiningsih Nurjayadi1* dan Fera Kurniadewi1 1Magister
Pendidikan Kimia, fakultas Matematika dan ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Jakarta,