Anne Frank

—
Timeline
Layer
 1933
Margot and Anne Frank before their family
fled to the Netherlands. Bad Aachen,
Germany, October 1933.

— Anne Frank Stichting

 February 16, 1934
Anne Frank at four years of age before
traveling with her uncles to Amsterdam. —
Anne Frank House, Amsterdam

‘I lived in Frankfurt until I was four. Because we’re Jewish,

my father emigrated to Holland in 1933. He became the
Managing Director of the Dutch Opekta Company, which
manufactures products used in making jam. My mother
Edith Frank-Holländer, went to Holland in September,
while Margot and I were sent to Aachen to stay with our
grandmother. Margot went to Holland in December, and I
followed in February, where I was plonked down on the
table as a birthday present for Margot.’ - Anne Frank
20 June 1942
 1934
Four young girls from
Germany, including
Anne and Margot
Frank, have a tea party
with their dolls at the
home of Gabrielle
Kahn in Amsterdam.

Pictured from left to right

are Anne Frank, Ellen
Weinberger, Margot Frank
and Gabrielle Kahn. -
USHMM, courtesy of Penny
Boyer
 May 10, 1940
Germany launched its western
offensive on May 10, 1940. German
paratroopers landed in the Netherlands
on the first day of the German attack on
that country. They seized key bridges
and fortifications, compromising Dutch
defensive positions. This footage shows
the German air force (Luftwaffe)
dropping paratroopers near Rotterdam.
Within days, the Netherlands was
defeated. The country surrendered to
Germany on May 14. The Dutch
government and Queen Wilhelmina fled
to exile in Great Britain.

bit.ly/invasion1940
 Fall 1940
BARBARA LEDERMANN RODBELL
In 1933 Barbara's family moved to Amsterdam,
in the Netherlands. They became friends of
Anne Frank and her family. The Germans
invaded the Netherlands in 1940. Barbara's
boyfriend, Manfred, had underground contacts
and she got false papers. Her mother, sister, and
father were deported to the Westerbork camp
and then to Auschwitz. Barbara survived using
her false papers and worked for the resistance.
She helped take Jews to hiding places and also
hid Jews in an apartment rented under her false
name.

bit.ly/annesfriend
January 9, 1941
Anne and Margot are no
longer allowed to go to
school with non-Jewish
children. They have to go
to the Jewish High School
in Amsterdam. Anne
Frank, age twelve, at her school
desk. Amsterdam, the
Netherlands, 1941.

— Anne Frank Fonds/Anne

Frank House
June 12, 1942
The first page of the diary,
which Anne Frank receives for
her thirteenth birthday on 12
June 1942. — Anne Frank
Stichting

“I hope I shall be able to confide in you

completely, as I have never been able to
do in anyone before, and I hope that you
will be a great support and comfort to
me.”-Anne Frank
 July 5, 1942
Margot Frank received a call up for work duty
on July 15, 1942 and the Franks decide to go
into hiding ten days before they planned to.
— Anne Frank Stichting

“When she and I were sitting in our bedroom, Margot

told me that the call-up was not for Father, but for
her. At this second shock, I began to cry. Margot is
sixteen--apparently they want to send girls her age
away on their own. But thank goodness she won’t be
going; Mother had said so herself, which must be
what Father had meant when he talked to me about
our going into hiding. Hiding...where would we hide?
In the city? In the country? In a house? In a shack?
When, where, how…?” --Anne Frank, July 8, 1942
 July 6, 1942
The family goes into hiding.

Margot and Meip Geis bicycle to the

hiding place first, and then Anne and her
parents walk in the pouring rain, dressed
in multiple layers and carrying bags with
the family’s possessions.

“So there we were, Father, Mother, and

I, walking in the pouring rain, each of
us with a schoolbag and a shopping bag
filled to the brim with the most varied
Final postcard sent by the Frank family to their relatives in Basel.
The postmark is dated the same day the Franks left for their hiding assortment of items…” --Anne Frank,
place. In the card, they wish Lunni (Otto's sister Leni) a happy July 9, 1942
birthday, even though her birthday isn't until 8 September. The
relatives in Basel understand from the card that they can no longer
be in touch, but that the family is safe, and together.— Anne Frank
House

To visit the 3D Virtual tour of Anne’s Hiding
Place, use a computer or mobile device
which uses Adobe Flash and go to:
bit.ly/anneshouse
July 9, 1942
Anne describes the hiding place in her diary. The house at
Prinsengracht 263, where Anne Frank and her family were hidden.
Amsterdam, the Netherlands. After 1935. — Bildarchiv Preussischer
Kulturbesitz
“Here’s a description of the building...A wooden staircase leads from
the downstairs hallway to the third floor. At the top of the stairs is a
landing, with doors on either side. The door on the left takes you up to
the spice storage area, attic and loft in the front part of the house. A
typically Dutch, very steep, ankle-twisting flight of stairs also runs
from the front part of the house to another door opening onto the
street. The door to the right of the landing leads to the Secret Annex at
the back of the house. No one would ever suspect there were so many
rooms behind that plain gray door. There’s just one small step in front
of the door, and then you’re inside. Straight ahead of you is a steep
flight of stairs. To the left is a narrow hallway opening onto a room
that serves as the Frank family’s living room and bedroom. Next door
is a smaller room, the bedroom and study of the two young ladies of
the family. To the right of the stairs is a windowless washroom with a
sink. The door in the corner leads to the toilet and another one to
Margot’s and my room...Now I’ve introduced you to the whole of our
lovely Annex!”--Anne Frank, July 9, 1942
 July 13, 1942
The van Pels (van Daans) family
goes into hiding in the Secret
Annex. Herman worked with Otto Frank
and his family was friends with the Frank
family.-Anne Frank House

“The van Daans arrived on July 13. We

thought they were coming on the
fourteenth, but from the thirteenth to the
sixteenth the Germans were sending out
call-up notices right and left and causing
a lot of unrest, so they decided it would
be safer to leave a day too early than a
day too late.” --Anne Frank, August 14,
1942
November 16, 1942
Fritz Pfeffer goes into hiding in the attic. He
asks Meip Gies for help finding a hiding place, and,
after consulting with Otto Frank and the other
people in hiding, they decide that there is enough
room.--Anne Frank House

“Mr. Dussel has arrived. Everything went

smoothly. Miep told him to be a certain place in
front of the post office at 11 AM, when a man
would meet him, and he was at the appointed
place at the appointed time. Mr. Kleinman went
up to him, announced that the man he was
expecting to meet was unable to come and asked
him to drop by the office to see Miep. Mr.
Kleinman took a streetcar back to the office while
Mr. Dussel followed on foot.”-Anne Frank, Nov.
17, 1945
 August 4, 1944
Anne Frank and her family are discovered
and arrested. They are taken for interrogation to a
German run prison. -Anne Frank House
August 8, 1944
The eight occupants of the Secret
Annex were taken from
Amsterdam to Westerbork.

About halfway down this transport list,

Anne Frank’s name is listed, as she was
transported from Amsterdam to
Westerbork.

— US Holocaust Memorial Museum;

International Tracing Service
September 3, 1944
Anne and the other members of the Annex
were the last to be transported from
Westerbork to Auschwitz.

The deportation of Jews from Westerbork.

-United States Holocaust Memorial Museum,

courtesy of Leopold Page Photographic
Collection
September 6, 1944
When Anne and those hiding in the
Annex arrived at Auschwitz, the men
and women were separated.

A transport of Hungarian Jews lines up for

selection at Auschwitz. Poland, May 1944.—
Yad Vashem Photo Archives
October 1944
Anne, Margot, and Mrs. Van Pels
are deported to Bergen Belsen.

A section of Bergen-Belsen
concentration camp.

-United States Holocaust Memorial

Museum, courtesy of National Archives
and Records Administration, College
Park
October/November 1944
Herman Van Pels was gassed to death at
Auschwitz sometime in October or November
1944 shortly before the gas chambers were
destroyed. -Anne Frank House
December 20, 1944
Fritz Pfeffer (Albert Dussel) dies in
Neuengamme concentration camp. He had been
transferred from either Buchenwald or Sachsenhausen to
Neuengamme. -Anne Frank House
January 6, 1945
Edith Frank dies in Auschwitz. Edith
Holländer is born in Aachen on January 16,
1900. She has two older brothers, named
Julius (1894) and Walter (1897), and an
older sister called Bettina (1898). The
Holländer family celebrates the Jewish
holidays and and keeps a kosher household.
The Holländers are leading members of
Aachen’s Jewish community. Father
Holländer trades in scrap metal and owns
several industrial processing plants.

-Anne Frank House, Amsterdam

January 27, 1945
Otto Frank is liberated in
Auschwitz. Otto Frank is born on May
12, 1889 in Frankfurt am Main. He has
an older brother Robert (1886), a
younger brother Herbert (1891) and a
sister Helene (1893). His father Michael
heads the family bank, which specializes
in currency trading. The Franks are
liberal Jews.

-Anne Frank House, Amsterdam

February/March, 1945(1)
Margot Frank dies of typhus in Bergen Belsen
concentration camp. Her exact date of death is not
known. -Anne Frank House, Amsterdam
February/March 1945 (2)
Anne Frank dies of typhus in Bergen Belsen
concentration camp, soon after her sister. Her
exact date of death is not known, but eyewitness
accounts of other prisoners confirm that she died after
her sister. -Anne Frank House, Amsterdam
 April 9, 1945
Auguste van Pels is transferred to
Theresienstadt from Buchenwald. The date
of her death is unknown. She was transferred to
another concentration camp after Theresienstadt,
though it is unknown which one. -Anne Frank
House, Amsterdam
 May 5, 1945
Peter van Pels dies at Mauthausen, three
days before it was liberated. He was forced
onto the death march from Auschwitz in January
of 1945 to Mauthausen. -Anne Frank House,
Amsterdam
 May 21, 1945
The Bergen-Belsen former
concentration camp is burned to
the ground by British soldiers to
prevent the spread of typhus.
Germany, May 21, 1945.--US Holocaust
Memorial Museum

bit.ly/bergenbelsen
August 19, 1980
Otto Frank dies.

Close up portrait of Otto and Fritzi Frank in

Switzerland where they settled after the war. He
married Elfriede Markovits Geiringer, who also
survived Auschwitz and lost her husband and
son at Mauthausen. — US Holocaust Memorial
Museum; International Tracing Service
August 23, 1990
This notice is from the Red
Cross to Anne’s cousin
Buddy, requested in 1990.
It states her name, date of
birth, parents, nationality,
religion, the places she was
transferred to and her fate
("verstorben"), along with an
estimate of when she died.

— US Holocaust Memorial
Museum; International
Tracing Service