SHIP HANDLING AND

MANUEVERING

SEA 305 B
 COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course covers the requirements in chapter ii of the

1978 STCW CONVENTION, as amended, in table A-
II/1. This course provides the background knowledge
to support the following main topics arranged by
chapters:
Precautions for protection and safety of passengers
Initial action following collision and grounding
Rescuing persons from the sea
Assisting a ship in distress and port emergencies
Ship Handling and maneuvering
 MODULE 1 WEEK 1

PRECAUTIONS FOR PROTECTION AND SAFETY

OF PASSENGERS
1.1 CONTINGENCY PLANS FOR RESPONSE IN
EMERGENCY
 TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOME

THE STUDENT SHALL BE ABLE TO:

LIST THE CONTENTS OF A MUSTER LIST AND
EMERGENCY INSTRUCTIONS.
STATE THE DUTIES ARE ASSIGNED FOR THE
OPERATION OF REMOTE CONTROLS SUCH AS:
 MAIN ENGINE STOPS
 VENTILATION STOP
 LUBRICATING AND FUEL OIL TRANSFER
PUMP STOPS
 TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOME

(CONTD.) STATE THE DUTIES ARE ASSIGNED FOR

THE OPERATION OF REMOTE CONTROLS SUCH AS:
 MAIN ENGINE STOPS
 VENTILATION STOP
 LUBRICATING AND FUEL OIL TRANSFER PUMP
STOPS
 DUMP VALVES
 WATERTIGHT DOORS
 EMERGENCY GENERATOR SWITCHBOARD
 EMERGENCY FIRE AND BILGE PUMP
 TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOME

DESCRIBE THE DIVISION OF THE CREW INTO A

COMMAND TEAM, ALL EMERGENCY TEAM, A BACK
UP EMERGENCY TEAM, AND AN ENGINE ROOM
EMERGENCY TEAM
EXPLAIN THE COMPOSITION OF EMERGENCY
TEAMS
STATE THAT THE CREW MEMEBERS NOT
ASSIGNED TO EMERGENCY TEAMS WOULD
PREPARE SURVIVAL CRAFT, RENDER FIRST AID,
ASSEMBLE PASSENGERS AND GENERALLY ASSIST
THE EMERGENCY PARTIES AS DIRECTED.
 ENGAGE QUESTION

HAVE YOU ENCOUNTERED AN EMERGENCY IN

A CROWDED ARE?
HOW DID YOU RESPOND TO THAT
EMERGENCY?
Resorts World Manila attack: How tax man turned into casino
murderer
Shots fired, gaming tables burned
Carlos entered the Resorts World Manila shortly
after midnight Thursday, firing shots from an assault
rifle and setting fire to gambling tables.
Most of the victims – 24 resort guests and 13
employees – are believed to have died of smoke
inhalation.
 Types of emergency situations
10

Emergency is any situation or accident or is likely to

cause loss of life, environment or property.
The Primary objective of Shipboard Emergency
Prevention Preparedness and Responses activities is
to develop and implement an efficient and effective
system which will minimize risk to life, the
environment and property.
 11

There are many factors which may lead to maritime

accidents nowadays. It’s a fact though, that there is
an increase in the number of accidents caused by
main engine failure, poor navigational watch and
even damage obtain from weather resulted in a
catastrophic event.
 12

These are the various types of emergencies for which

all persons on board the ship should be at all times
READY. Depending upon the nature of trade and
type of the ship there may be some other
emergencies which have not been listed for which
proper contingency planning should be in place.
Fire – onboard ship, fire is the worse emergency that on
shore. One of the most obvious cause - maintenance
welding are responsible for nearly 40 per cent of all
outbreaks. Smoking leads to countless fires that break
out when no one expects. Lack of attention, spontaneous
combustion and electrical faults are the major causes.
The engine room is at special risk from flashbacks in oil
fired boilers, leaky piping's carrying oil, overheated
bearings and even the accumulation of rubbish (oil rags,
dirty oil, tins of oil, etc.).
 Damage to ship

Collision
Grounding/stranding
Foundering / Flooding
Heavy weather damage
Hull / structural failure, etc.
Steering gear failure
Loss of power
 Collision

Ship collision is the name given to the physical impact that

occurs between two ships resulting in a damaging accident.
This particular collision can also occur between a ship and a
stable or a floating structure like an offshore drilling platform
or an ice berg or even a port.
In majority of such cases the impact is devastating to say the
least. The damage that such an accident causes cannot just be
measured in terms of costing or money, in fact it goes beyond
that. With the increase in the traffic on the high seas and the
technological advancements in the marine engineering
resulting in the development of heavy and huge ships with
great speed, the risk of such accidents has increased a lot.
 Foundering
the ingress of water into the ship, it my be caused by
grounding, collision and even something as the wrong
valve being opened. Common causes could be poor
design or failure of the ship's equipment or hull -
pressure hull instability, due to poor design, improperly
stowed cargo, cargo that shifts its position or the free
surface effect navigation errors and other human
errors, leading to collisions (with another ship, rocks,
an iceberg (RMS Titanic), etc.) or running aground, bad
weather and powerful or large waves or gale winds.
 The devastating foundering and capsizing of the Costa
Concordia is inexcusable. The captain has been arrested
and accused of criminally abandoning the ship, and it's
hard to see how he and his attorneys will explain away his
exchanges with the Italian Coast Guard.
 Grounding
an emergency where a ship strikes the bottom of the body of
water it is in often to the impact of the bottom part of a ship
onto the ocean bed, resulting in damage to the ship structure.
The term ‘unintentional grounding’ in shipping describes the
accidental impact of the ship on seabed or waterway side.
However, grounding can also be intentional in order to land
crew or cargo (beaching) or to conduct maintenance or repairs
(careening). Intentional grounding demands very careful
maneuvering and high navigational skills, as any
misunderstanding or wrong decision may lead to unfavorable
situations. Nevertheless, it is the unintentional grounding that
we must pay more attention and operators should ensure that
crew members are aware of the emergency actions that should
be followed in such cases.
 Heavy weather damage
 Heavy weather combined with inappropriate
manipulations may lead to damage of a vessel,
threatening the cargo, the environment or, even worst,
human life. Most common weather threats that can harm
the vessel, are hurricanes, squalls, typhoons or tropical
cyclones. The ship’s master should always be aware of the
weather forecast when moves in dangerous areas and be
ready to appropriately handle the vessel under
circumstances of bad weather in case that violent wind,
torrential rain or surging waves appear.
A Panamanian-flagged livestock carrier with a crew of 43 is
feared lost southwest of Japan after encountering a typhoon
moving across the region. Japan’s Coast Guard reported
receiving a distress call and later finding one seafarer in the
ocean with a life jacket and an empty lifeboat. No additional
signals were received from the vessel after the first distress call. 
 Critical Equipment Failure

Maritime equipment is usually well-designed and built

to tolerate the stresses that all vessels undergo while
navigating the world’s oceans and waterways. However,
it is also increasingly complex and contains a myriad of
moving parts.
Many maritime accidents are caused by engine
breakdowns, problems with electronic systems, and
other types of equipment failure. Sometimes equipment
failure is a result of natural phenomena such as bad
weather or heavy seas, but in many instances, there are
other causal factors that come into play.
 Sample Critical Equipment Failure
Failure of vessel’s main engine can be
Steering Gear- Break
caused by:
down of hydraulic • Problems in the fuel system which
pumps: may lead to cracks and leakages in
Other hydraulic pump fuel pipes in case of improper fuel
treatment
to be started in such • Leakages at starting air valve
cases • Moving parts of main engine are
Malfunction of transfer blocked or stuck
• Failure in the electrical system due
valve
to false alarms
Malfunctioning of • Human error due to bad handling
hydraulic by pass valve • Improper maintenance and
in the pump monitoring
Oil leakage
 Emergency leading to pollution

The environmental impact of
shipping includes air pollution, water
pollution, acoustic, and oil pollution. Ships are
responsible for more than 18 percent of some air
pollutants.
Ship pollution affects the health of communities in
coastal and inland regions around the world, yet
pollution from ships remains one of the least
regulated parts of our global transportation system
 Emergency leading to pollution

Oil pollution is considered one of the most

significant damages to the marine environment,
mostly due to the nature and composition of oil. Oil
pollution can result from oil used to power a ship, as
well as from oil carried as cargo, while leakages, as
the most common form of oil pollution, occur in
large quantities on a regular basis.
The stricken oil tanker Torrey Canyon two days
after she stuck fast on the notorious Seven Stones
Reef, near the Isles of Scilly and Land’s End.
 Abandon Ship
When there is no chance to save the ship, an orderly
procedure must be used to ensure everyone is safely
evacuated into the lifeboats and life rafts and that all
equipment designed to prolong life and enhanced
rescue is brought along. Above emergencies discuss
could lead to Abandon ship if not dealt correctly.
But what's the right time for crew members to
abandon their vessel? At circumstances of an
uncontrolled fire on board or in cases of vessel
sinking, abandoning a ship is the most practical
option, however there are a few precautions to be
taken under consideration, while the decision to
leave the vessel and fall into the sea hides many
risks.
The right time for crew members to abandon their
vessel depends on whether this is the last option to
be saved or not. Otherwise, it might be safer to stay
on ship until the expected assistance finally
approaches. It is necessary to ensure that crew can
handle similar situations and have been trained
through drills and risk assessments, in order to be
prepared to efficiently manage an “abandon ship”
operation.
 WHAT IS A CONTIGENCY PLAN???

An emergency can occur at any time and in

any situation. Effective action is only
possible if pre-planned and practical
procedures have been developed and are
frequently exercised. The Contingency Plan
provides guidelines and instructions that
assist in making an efficient response to
emergency situations onboard ships.