Electricity

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 Electricity 2

Effects of electricity

Heat generation Physiological effects

Chemical effects Magnetically effects

Light related effects

 Electricity 3

Potential / Voltage

Potential difference but no current flow

Potential difference and current flow

 Electricity 4

Atomic structure

Electrons
Electron
Nucleus
-
+
+
+
Protons

-
Shell
Neutron
Neutron
Substance Element Atom

Substance Molecule Atom Atomic nucleus Neutron

Proton

Electron
 Electricity 5

Electron movement
M Orbit
8 Protons (+) 8 Neutrons Electron
8 Electrons (-) K Orbit

Proton

Nucleus Neutron Atomic

nucleus
L Orbit
K
Shells
(K, L, M, N….) L

Oxygen Atom Atom relationship model

Electrically Neutral Positive Ion Negative Ion

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Electron movement

- - -
-
+- - +
- + -
- -
Figure 1-9 Free Electron
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Free electrons and conductors

Insulator

Conductor
6 electrons 2 electrons
Excessive amount of Reduced amount of
electrons negatively charged electrons positively charged
charged
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Current / Resistance

Bigger diameter – less resitance

Higher resistance
Lower resistance

Shorter distance – less resistance

Very high resistance Non conductor

Water in a pipe Electrons in a wire

Small amount of water Low current

High amount of water High current

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Generation of electricity

Chemical reaction
Induction

Thermo electricity Photovoltaic

Electrostatic charge

Piezo electricity
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Electrical charge / condenser

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Actuators

Ignition coil Variable resistor

Relay

Standard electric motor Stepper type electric motor

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Sensors
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Digital / analog signal

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Serial / Parallel / Combined connection

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Wiring diagram
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Wiring diagram
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Wiring diagram
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Measuring voltage, resistance, current

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Ohm's law
VOLTAGE (V) CURRENT (A) RESISTANCE ()

E UP UP SAME

SAME UP DOWN

I R SAME DOWN UP

Kirchhoff´s law

R1 R2 I1 =
IN
I5 = OUT
I1 I2 I2 =
OUT
E1 E2
I

I4 = Fig. 4-1 Kirchoff’s current

I3 = OUT law 1
Fig. 4-3 Kirchoff’s voltage IN
law 1
 Electricity 20

Harness repair

Cheap pliers

Professional pliers

Harness repair kit

Solder device