MATHALINON

G
UPLANDER
FIRST SESSION – JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MATH TUTORIAL SESSIONS
PRE-ACTIVITY

COIN TOSS
PRE-ACTIVITY
Have one coin in hand, group the
students into two. Let the students
decide whether they guess head or tail.
Toss the coin five times and see what
comes out. The team who guessed
wrong for three time will have a
punishment.
PRE-ACTIVITY
PUNISHMENTS – Choose one only

1. Push up – 15 times
2. Jumping Jacks – 20 times
3. Butt spell your Names
PROBABILITY
OF COMPOUNDED
EVENTS
PROBABILITY
• THE PROBABILITY OF AN EVENT IS A
NUMBER DESCRIBING THE CHANCE THAT
THE EVENT WILL HAPPEN. IT CAN BE
CERTAIN, CANNOT POSSIBLY HAPPEN
AND A CHANCE THAT THE EVENT WILL
HAPPEN. ONE OF THE BASIC CONCEPTS
IN THE STUDY OF PROBABILITY IS THE
SAMPLE SPACE.
SAMPLE SPACE

• A SAMPLE SPACE IS THE SET OF

ALL POSSIBLE OUTCOMES OF
AN EXPERIMENT
SIMPLE EVENT

• A SIMPLE EVENT CONSISTS OF A

SINGLE OUTCOME THAT CANNOT
BE FURTHER BROKEN DOWN INTO
SMALLER EVENTS.
COMPOUND EVENT

•A COMPOUND EVENT IS ANY

EVENT COMBINING TWO OR
MORE SIMPLE EVENTS.
EXERCISES
Solve the following problems. (Solve on the
board)
1. Find the probability of “getting a 6 and a 1”
when two dice are rolled is an event
consisting of (1, 6), (6, 1) as outcomes.
2. Find the probability if two dice are tossed,
what is the probability that the sum will be 4
or 5?
DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT EVENTS

• Let E1 and E2 be the two successive events in a sample

space S. If the outcome of E2 is affected by the prior
occurrence of E1, then E2 and E1 are dependent events.
However, if the outcome of E2 is not affected by the prior
occurrence of E1, then E1 and E2 are independent events.
We use the symbol P (E2 / E1) as notation to read as, “the
probability of the occurrence of E2 on the condition that
E1 has already occurred.”
UNION OF EVENTS
• Since events are sets, can be combined to form new events
by using the set operation of unio. It can be illustrated by
means of Venn diagram.

• A die is tossed. Sample Space (S) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Let A =

event that an odd number occurs B = event that a number
greater than 4 occurs.
Determine the elements of A and B. then, find A U B and
draw a Venn diagram to illustrate it on the board.
INTERSECTION OF EVENTS
• Two events A and B intersect if there are elements common
to both A and B. It is denoted by A  B.

• A fair die is rolled. The sample is S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Let A

= event “even number turns up” B = events “the number
that turns up is greater than 2”
Find A ∩ B and draw a Venn diagram to illustrate it.
THE CARDINALITY OF THE UNION OF TWO
SETS A AND B
• The cardinality of a set refers to the number of elements of
the set. The cardinality of set A is denoted by |A|.

• Let A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}. Find |A|?

GROUPINGS

GROUP THE STUDENTS AND ANSWER THE

FOLLOWING EXERCISES
THANK
YOU
SOCIETY OF UPLAND MATHEMATICIANS
2022-2023