Lesson 2 : Sikolohiyang Filipino

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Virgilio G. Enriquez
 Doc. E, Ver

Born: November 24, 1942

Santol, Balagtas formally Bigaa,
Bulacan
He was the youngest of 5 children
of Arsenio Libiran Enriquez and
Rosario Galvez Gaspar.
Died: August 31, 1994,  San
Francisco, California,
United States
 Father of Filipino Psychology  
"Ama ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino".
Virgilio G. Enriquez
 Doc. E, Ver Founder of the Pambansang Samahan sa
Sikolohiyang Pilipino

Holds a PhD. degree in Psychology from

the Northwestern University in
Evanston, Illinois.
Occupation: Professor of Sikolohiyang
Pilipino
Professor Emeritus of the University
of the Philippines, and also
propagated Filipino personality and
taught at the University of Sto.
Tomas, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng
Maynila, centro University and
several institutions.
Enriquez viewed personality in
terms of a clear-cut
distinction of “personality”
and “pagkatao”
 Filipino Psychology
It is an
Indigenous
The Scientific Study of Refers to any
Psychology Ethnicity, Society and Psychology or
Culture of people and knowledge of
application of Filipino nature,
psychological practices of regardless it’s
indigenous knowledge source, Western or
from the ethnic heritage local
and consciousness.
FOUR (4) FILIATIONS OF SP

1. THE ACADEMIC – SCIENTIFIC

PSYCHOLOGY: coincide with the
birth of scientific psychology and
entry of Western psychology at
Philippine universities.
2. ACADEMIC PHILOSOPHICAL
PSYCHOLOGY: was pursed by the
UST and later other schools of higher
learning, under the leadership of
individual monks and preachers and
the Jesuits. The study of psychology
as an aspect of philosophy continued
in tradition of Thomistic philosophy
and psychology.
3. ETHNIC PSYCHOLOGY: major basis
of SP for integrating Academic –
Scientific and Academic –
Philosophical tradition into a
national tradition of Psychology and
Philosophy. This includes indigenous
psychology, psychology of Filipinos
and practice of psychology by
Filipinos.
4. PSYCHO – MEDICAL SYSTEM with
religion as cohesive element and
explanation
MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF SP AS AN
INDIGENOUS ASIAN PSYCHOLOGY

Empirical philosophy, academic –

scientific psychology, the ideas and
teachings of Ricardo Pascual , logical
analysis of language.
MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF SP AS AN
INDIGENOUS ASIAN PSYCHOLOGY

Rational philosophy, the clerical

tradition, phenomenology, Thomistic
philosophy psychology (Thomas
Aquinas. In order to have a science
of the human mind, one must know
what a man is and what man's
purpose is)
MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF SP AS AN
INDIGENOUS ASIAN PSYCHOLOGY

Liberalism, PH propaganda
movement, the writing of Philippine
heroes, ethnic psychology
SP’s principal emphasis in
psychology is on identity and
national consciousness, social
awareness and involvement,
psychology of language and culture,
and applications and bases of
Filipino psychology in health
practices, agriculture, art, mass,
media, and religion
 SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO
Subject matter of this formal indigenous
psychology(Enriquez, 1974):
diwa
isip

kalooban or emotions
ulirat

kamalayan or consciousness
kaluluwa or psyche,
 Related disciplines in the 1970s that focuses on the following themes

a. identity and national consciousness

b. social awareness and involvement
c. national and ethnic cultures and languages, including
the
study of traditional psychology
d. bases and application of indigenous psychology in health

practices, agriculture, art, mass media, and religion but

also including the psychology of behavior and human
abilities as originated in Western psychology but
 Three Primary Areas of Protest
1. sikolohiya ng pagbabagong-isip
(psychology of re-awakening)

2. sikolohiyang malaya
(liberated psychology)
3. sikolohiyang mapagpalaya
(liberating psychology)
Sikolohiyang Pilipino is built on psychological knowledge

a. arose from within the culture

b. reflects local behaviors

c. can be interpreted within a local frame of reference

d. yields results that are locally relevant

Enriquez (1978) proposed that Sikolohiyang Pilipino knowledge can be borne out of two processes

indigenization from without

and
indigenization from within
Indigenization from without is
the more common approach Indigenization from within
• used in knowledge and formalizes Filipinos’ implicit
technology transfer psychological theories,
• based on the search of local knowledge, methods, and
equivalents for assumed practices developed with the
universal psychological local culture as basis (local
concepts or the culture as source).
contextualization of Enriquez also used the term
imported methods and cultural revalidation to refer
techniques, and tools and to this process.
instruments.
• A similar concept is cultural
validation, the practice of
validating research through
systematic replication in
multiple cultures
Formalize Indigenous Psychology in the Philippines

1.) develop indigenous concepts and frameworks

2.) adapt, develop, and use culturally appropriate

instruments and methods.
DEVELOPMENT OF INDIGENOUS CONCEPTS AND THEORIES

KAPWA
UTANG NA LOOB

PAKIKIRAMDAM
HIYA

BAHALA NA

PURI AND DANGAL

DEVELOPMENT OF
INDIGENOUS CONCEPTS AND
THEORIES no exact English Bahala na ang Diyos: this
translation but was attitude is a fatalistic
compared with Fatalism resignation or withdrawal
by Bostrom. from an engagement or crisis
or a shirking from personal
responsibility. This defined
The Filipino attitude
by Thomas Andes who

1
that makes him accept
published Dictionary of
sufferings and
Filipino Culture and Values.
problems, leaving
everything to God SP perspective
interprets this
BAHALA NA differently. It is not
fatalism but
determination and risk-
taking.
2 Hiya
Sibley: shame
Lynch: uncomfortable
feeling that
accompanies
awareness of being in
socially unacceptable
position or
unacceptable action.
Andres: ingredient in
why Filipinos
overspend during
fiestas in order to
please their visitors
even to the extent of
going into debt.
Bonifacio: embarrassing (nakakahiya)
Placed awkward position
(napahiya)
embarrassed someone (ikinahiya)
embarrassment (kahihiyan)
Salazar: expounded on
affixation and showed
the internal and
external aspects of
hiya.
After all is said and done,
hiya is not shame but
sense of politeness.
 3 UTANG NA LOOB

Kaut: debt of gratitude

Andres: principle of reciprocity

incurred when an individual helps
another. CERTIFICATE
UTANG NA LOOB
Hollnsteiner: recipient of the favor is
forced to show his gratitude properly by
returning the favor with interest.

It is not debt but gratitude or solidarity.

4
KAPWA Core of Filipino Social Psychology.

Heart of the structure of Filipino values.

Covers the concept of self and others.

 PAKIKIPAGKAPWA
IBANG TAO (OUTSIDER)
• Pakikitungo transaction or civility with.

• Pakikisalamuha interaction with

• Pakikilahok joining or participating

• Pakikibagay conformity accord with

• Pakikisama being along with

HINDI IBANG TAO

• Pakikipagpalagayang-loob
being in rapport, understanding or acceptance with.

• Pakikisangkot getting involved

• Pakikiisa highest level or being one with

5
PAKIKIRAMDAM
• Request to feel or to be sensitive to. Good Bad

• Shared feeling, a kind of emotional a

priori.

• Feeling for another, great care and

deliberation.

• It is the indirect pattern of communication

of Filipinos. Examples: expressive body
language, voice intonations that say more
than the words themselves.
6
PURI AND DANGAL
- Salazar: internality-externality
component in the Filipino personality,
honor.

Your Picture Here - PURI: honor which is physical, can be

seen through compliments or applauses
for a good performance. It can also refer
to virginity which is a virtue expected of
unmarried Filipno women.

- DANGAL: honor form within, knowledge of

true worth, character, achievement,
success.
 GREAT CULTURE DIVIDE
• They read komiks, listen to soap operas
radio, watch television and visit the
indigenous healers for both physical mental
Your Picture Here
emotional ailments.
• They took down on people on the other
side of the divide = not regionalism.

REGIONALISM: it is a myth, woven to sow

disunity among Filipinos.