Desktop Publishing

Photoshop

 Choosing a file format. Graphics file formats

differ in the way they represent image data
(as pixels or vectors), and
support different compression techniques
andPhotoshop features.
Photoshop
Photoshop Editor.
Photoshop

 You can boil digital artwork down into two

basic categories: Raster graphics
and Vector graphics. ... Most logos
are vector files.
Photoshop

 More specifically, a vector graphic is a

computer-made image that is made up of
points, lines, and curves that are based upon
mathematical equations, rather than
designated amount of pixels.
Photoshop

 To preserve all Photoshop features (layers,

effects, masks, and so on), save a copy of
your image in Photoshop format (PSD).
Vector Image

 Vector graphics are computer graphics 

images that are defined in terms of 2D
points, which are connected by lines and
curves to form polygons and other shapes.[1] 
A vector Image.
Vector Image

 Each of these points has a definite position

on the x- and y-axis of the work plane and
determines the direction of the path; further,
each path may have various properties
including values for stroke color, shape,
curve, thickness, and fill.[2][3] 
Vector Image
 Vector graphics are commonly found today in
the SVG, EPS and PDF graphic file formats and
are intrinsically different from the more
common raster graphics file formats of JPEG, 
PNG, APNG, GIF, and MPEG4.
Different type of vector graphics
Vector Image
 Vector Image Files
 Vector graphics are made up of paths, rather

than individual pixels. These paths can be

used to represent lines and shapes within the
image.
Vector Image with water colour
Vector Image
 Most vector image formats can also include
colors, gradients, and image effects. Since
vector graphics store image data as paths,
they can be enlarged without losing quality,
which makes them a good choice for logos
and other types of drawings.
Vector Image
Vector Image

 Common vector image file extensions

include .EPS, .AI, and .SVG.
 Other image file categories include 
Raster Graphic and 3D Image files.
Vector Image
Raster Image
 Raster (or bitmap) images are described by an
array or map of bits within a rectangular grid
of pixels or dots. Vector images are described
by lines, shapes, and other
graphic image components stored in a format
that incorporates geometric formulas for
rendering the image elements.
Raster Image
Vector Vs Raster Image.
Vector Vs Raster image.
Various colour modes and models.

 RGB mode (millions of colors)
 CMYK mode (four-printed colors)
 Index mode (256 colors)
 Grayscale mode (256 grays)
 Bitmap mode (2 colors)
RGB colour mode
 Photoshop RGB Color mode uses the RGB
model, assigning an intensity value to each
pixel. In 8‑bits-per-channel images, the
intensity values range from 0 (black) to 255
(white) for each of the RGB (red, green, blue)
components in a color image.
RGB color mode
RGB color mode
 For example, a bright red color has an R value
of 246, a G value of 20, and a B value of 50.
When the values of all three components are
equal, the result is a shade of neutral gray.
When the values of all components are 255,
the result is pure white; when the values are
0, pure black.
RGB color mode
 RGB images use three colors, or channels, to
reproduce colors on screen. In 8‑bits-per-
channel images, the three channels translate
to 24 (8 bits x 3 channels) bits of color
information per pixel. With 24‑bit images, the
three channels can reproduce up to 16.7
million colors per pixel
CMYK
 In the CMYK mode, each pixel is assigned a
percentage value for each of the process inks.
The lightest (highlight) colors are assigned
small percentages of process ink colors; the
darker (shadow) colors higher percentages.
CMYK colour mode
 For example, a bright red might contain 2%
cyan, 93% magenta, 90% yellow, and 0%
black. In CMYK images, pure white is
generated when all four components have
values of 0%.
LAB color mode
 The CIE L*a*b* color model (Lab) is based on
the human perception of color. The numeric
values in Lab describe all the colors that a
person with normal vision sees.
LAB color mode
Lab color mode
 Because Lab describes how a color looks
rather than how much of a particular colorant
is needed for a device (such as a monitor,
desktop printer, or digital camera) to produce
colors, Lab is considered to be a device-
independent color model. Color management
systems use Lab as a color reference to
predictably transform a color from one color
space to another color space.
Grayscale mode

 Grayscale mode uses different shades of gray

in an image. In 8‑bit images, there can be up
to 256 shades of gray. Every pixel of a
grayscale image has a brightness value
ranging from 0 (black) to 255 (white). In 16-
and 32‑bit images, the number of shades in
an image is much greater than in 8‑bit
images.
Grayscale mode
Grayscale mode

 Grayscale values can also be measured as

percentages of black ink coverage (0% is
equal to white, 100% to black).
 Grayscale mode uses the range defined by

the working space setting that you specify in

the Color Settings dialog box.
Bitmap mode

 Bitmap mode uses one of two color values

(black or white) to represent the pixels in an
image. Images in Bitmap mode are called
bitmapped 1‑bit images because they have a
bit depth of 1.
Bitmap image
Duotone mode

 Duotone mode creates monotone, duotone

(two-color), tritone (three-color), and
quadtone (four-color) grayscale images using
one to four custom inks.
Indexed Color mode

 Indexed Color mode produces 8‑bit image

files with up to 256 colors. When converting
to indexed color, Photoshop builds a color
lookup table (CLUT), which stores and
indexes the colors in the image.
Indexed Color mode
Indexed Color mode

 If a color in the original image does not

appear in the table, the program chooses the
closest one or uses dithering to simulate the
color using available colors.
Indexed Color mode

 Indexed color files can be saved in

Photoshop, BMP, DICOM (Digital Imaging and
Communications in Medicine), GIF, Photoshop
EPS, Large Document Format (PSB), PCX,
Photoshop PDF, Photoshop Raw, Photoshop
2.0, PICT, PNG, Targa®, or TIFF formats.
Multichannel mode

 Multichannel mode images contain 256 levels

of gray in each channel and are useful for
specialized printing. Multichannel mode
images can be saved in Photoshop, Large
Document Format (PSB), Photoshop 2.0,
Photoshop Raw, or Photoshop DCS 2.0
formats.
Multichannel mode
Menubar of photoshop.
 Use the menu bar to access a wealth of tools
and windows
 One of the basic elements of

Adobe Photoshop is the menu bar, located at

the very top of the program. ...
 The menu bar consists of 10 menus: File,

Edit, Image, Layer, Type, Select, Filter, View,

Window, and Help.
Menu bar of photoshop.
Toolbar in photoshop
 In this tutorial, we'll learn more about the
tools and the Toolbar in Photoshop.
The Toolbar (also known as the Toolbox or
the Tools panel) is where Photoshop holds
the many tools we have to work with. There
are tools for making selections, for cropping
an image, for editing and retouching, and
many more.
Toolbar in photoshop
Toolbar in photoshop
Toolbar in photoshop
Marquee tool
Marquee tool is the basic selection tool
that can select your Photoshop layer in
several shapes, like rectangle, ellipse,
single-pixel vertical and horizontal
line, square, and circle, etc.
By default, the marquee tool makes
the rectangular selection.
Marquee tool
Marquee tool
Various types of Marquee Tools available are
Rectangular marquee, Elliptical marquee,
Single Row Marquee, Single Column Marquee.
The icon on the Toolbox displays the last tool
used.
 To open the Marquee Tool floating menu

right-click on the arrow in the bottom right

corner of the displayed icon of Marquee
tool.1
lasso tool
 The lasso tool operates on the active layer of
an image, and is used by clicking and
dragging to trace the edges of a selection.
Most software supports multiple closed
contours, which can be selected by crossing
over the edge path multiple times.
lasso tool
Quick selection tool
 The tool automatically selects similar tones
and stops when it finds image edges. Add to
the selection. To add to the initial selection,
just click and drag over another area. The
Quick Selection tool automatically changes to
the Add to selection option.
Quick selection tool
Magic Wand Tool

 The Magic Wand tool is a selection

tool. It allows you to quickly select
areas of your images and make
independent edits to it.
Magic Wand Tool

 It'smost used often to select solid

backgrounds and color areas. It
doesn't work as well, for example, on
an image with a distinct gradient or
blurry features.
Gradient Tool
 Photoshop allows you to make a gradual
transition between two or more colors by
using the Gradient Tool. A gradient can be
applied to any selected area of an image or
background. If no area is selected, the
gradient will be applied to the entire layer.
Gradient Tool
Dodge tool
 The Dodge tool allows you to lighten specific
areas of your image without affecting hue or
saturation. Select the Dodge tool (O) . Use the
Options bar to customize tool settings, like
brush size, range, and exposure, to get the
effect you want.
Dodge tool
Burn tool
 The Burn tool darkens areas of an image. The
more you paint over an area with the Burn
tool, the darker it becomes. From the toolbar,
click and hold the icon for the Dodge, Burn,
or Sponge retouching tool, whichever is
active.
Sponge tool
 Thesponge tool in Photoshop works
on color saturation. It can either
saturate a color or desaturate a color.
Sponge tool
 Thismeans by using the sponge tool,
we can either increase the color
intensity of some pixels or decrease
the color intensity of some pixels.
Blur tool
 The Blur tool allows you to paint blur effect
on specific areas of an image. Select the Blur
tool . Use the Options bar to customize tool
settings, like Size, Hardness, and Strength, to
get the effect you need. Click and drag over
the part of the image you want to blur.
Blur tool
Sharpen tool
 The Sharpen tool in Photoshop Elements
increases the contrast among adjacent pixels
to give the illusion that things are sharper.
This tool should be used with restraint,
however. Sharpen can quickly give way to
overly grainy and noisy images if you're not
cautious.
Clone Stamp
 The Clone Stamp is effective when you need
to copy exact detail and color from one part
of an image to another area. Use an empty
layer for the Clone Stamp retouching. With
the Clone Stamp tool, you can use an empty
layer to keep your retouching separate from
the main image.
Clone Stamp Tool.
Healing Brush tool

 Healing Brush tool

The Healing Brush tool allows you to fix
image imperfections such as scratches,
blemishes, etc. By sampling the surrounding
area or using a predefined pattern you can
blend the imperfections into the
rest of the image. The healing brush tool is
located in the Photoshop Toolbox, on the left
side.
Healing Brush tool
Option bar in photoshop
 The Options Bar is the horizontal bar that
runs underneath the Menu Bar in Photoshop.
You can turn it on and off through the
Windows menu, so if you don't see it on your
screen, you definitely want to turn it on with
Window > Options. The job of theOptions
Bar is to set the options of the tool you are
about to use.
Option bar in photoshop
Optionbar in photoshop
 Options bar. The options bar is used
to choose settings for each tool (e.g., opacity,
fade distance, blending mode). Options on
the bar change depending on which tool is
currently chosen, and your choices will
remain in effect until you change them.
Option bar in Toolbar
Use of selection tool in photoshop.
 A selection isolates part of an image so you
can work on that area without affecting the
rest of the image.
 There are various types of selection tool.
 Rectangular marquee.
 Elliptical marquee.
 Single row marquee toll.
 Single column marquee tool.
Use of selection tool in photoshop.
 There are various types of selection tool.
 Lasso tool.
 Magnetic lasso tool.
 Polygon lasso tool.
 Quick selection tool.
 Magic wand tool.
Use of selection tool in photoshop.
 In the Tools panel, select the Rectangular
Marquee tool. Drag a rectangular selection
onto the image. The area inside the animated
border represents your selection.
 To select more, click the Add to selection

icon in the options bar or press Shift and

drag. To select less, click the Subtract from
selection icon in the options bar or press Alt
(Windows) or Option (macOS) and drag.
Use of selection tool in photoshop.
 select a layer you want to adjust. Then try
applying some adjustments (Image >
Adjustments). With a selection active,
adjustments affect only the selected area of
that layer. The same is true if you were to
apply a filter, paint, fill, copy, or make other
edits.
 When you’re done, deselect by choosing Select
> Deselect or pressing Control+D (Windows)
or Command+D (macOS). 
Working with images
 Opening image in Photoshop
 Open the Photoshop program. Usually the

defaults are set so that when Photoshop

opens, it also opens a variety of palettes that
you will use in editing pictures.
 Go up to the File menu --> select Open. This

will being up a dialog box asking you to

locate the image you want to open.
 .
Working with images
 Navigate to the location of the image on your
hard drive (or zip/floppy disk) and then click
on the Open button. This will open the image
and display it in on your screen
Working with images
 Save As Original
 Before you begin doing any editing of your
image (especially if it is a photograph), it is very
important for you to save it first as a Photoshop
document (rather than as the form that it is
currently in, usually a JPEG or GIF). The reason
for this is to preserve an original, high quality
original copy. If you edit it and don't keep a
copy of it in its original, high quality form, you
can never re-create this quality. To do this:
Working with images
 Go to the File menu
 Choose Save As
 In the dialog box that appears, click on the

arrow next to format. A list of items will

appear (a drop down list). Select Photoshop.
◦ Name the image something.psd, where "something"
is the name you choose for the image.
Selection Tools.
 As you drag, the selection expands outward
and automatically finds and follows defined
edges in the image. Select the Quick Selection
tool . (If the toolisn't visible, hold down the
Magic Wand tool .)
Selection tool.
Selection tool.
Working area in photoshop
 Photoshop work area consists of Application Bar,
Tools Panel, Options Bar, Document Window and
Panel Dock.

- Application Bar : It contains menu bar along with

many controls to zoom, buttons for viewing extras.

- Tools Panel : It contains a set of tools for

selecting, manipulating images.
Working area in photoshop
 - Options Bar : There are various options
available. 

- Document Window: It displays the current

working file.

- Panel Dock : Panel dock has several panels

to edit / modify the images. By default there
are layer, adjustment and style panels.
The END