Determining textual

Evidence
Textual Evidence

• An evidence in a text, whether fiction or

non-fiction, that the reader can use to
illustrate his or her ideas and support his or
her claim or evidence.
 3 Types of Textual Evidence

1.Referencing
2.Paraphrasing
3.Summarizing
4.Quoting
1. Referencing. The act of mentioning
someone or something like an event or
action in the text. If you see this type of
textual evidence, you are acknowledging
the source and allowing your readers to
trace where you got your proof to support
you claim.
Examples:
This is clear when Mersaut attend his mother’s funeral. The Stranger by
Albert Camus

In the Song of Solomon by Tori Morrison, the evidence was made clear
when he flew over the sea.

In “Interracial Generation: ‘We are who we are’,” Daryl Stickland

describes the plight of mixed-race individuals who can find no category
on forms such as the census to describe their particular background.
2. Paraphrasing. Paraphrasing is explaining an
author’s or someone else’s work in your own
words without losing the original idea of the text.
The original passage:
Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and
as a result they overuse quotations in the final[research] paper.
Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as
directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the
amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes
(Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers.2nd ed. (1976): 46-47).

The paraphrase:
In research papers students often quote excessively , failing to
keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem
usually originates during the note taking, it is essential to minimize
the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).
3.Summarizing. Summarizing is stating the
essential ideas together in a fewer words. This
may be in a sentence, sometimes a paragraph
without including your opinion, attitudes and
judgments.
The original passage:
Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as
a result they overuse quotations in the final[research] paper. Probably
only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly
quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of
exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes (Lester, James
D. Writing Research Papers.2nd ed. (1976): 46-47).

The summary:
Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from
sources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in research
paper (Lester,1976)
4. Quoting. Quoting is the exact words form the
original text. This is a good way to back up your
claim.
Example:
Confucius stated,” No matter how busy you may
think you are, you must find time for reading, or
surrender yourself to self-chosen ignorance.
Below is a simple essay adapted from Scholasticscope.com.
Which applies textual evidence:
Riding the world’s fastest and tallest roller coaster, Kingda Ka, is a
unique experience according to author Mario Martinez in his book,
Roller Coasters of the World. Kinda Ka accelerates to 128 miles per hour
in less than three seconds, going straight up at a 90-degree angle
(p.18). “ I have ridden hundreds of coasters,” he writes. “But none of
them were terrifying as this one”(p.20). This suggests that Kingda Ka
stands out among roller coasters as particularly intense.
Tips in Using Text to Illustrate Your Point:
1. Make sure that the authoritative information you choose is accurate
and relevant to your point.
2. Integrate direct quotes into the language of your own writing.
3. Always cite the text and authors you are using to avoid committing
plagiarism.
4. Connect relate the evidence to your claim to help your readers
understand your point.
5. Choose the type that would strongly support your point.