EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE

The Toddler /
Preschooler with:
COMMON CHILDHOOD INFECTIOUS
DISORDER AND DISEASES
 Common Childhood Infectious
Disorder and Diseases
 Chicken Pox (Varicella)  Diphtheria
 Meningitis  Pertussis
 Measles  Tetanus
 Mumps  Influeza
 Tonsillitis  Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
 Bronchitis  Japanese Encephalitis
 Rubella
 Diarrhea
 Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
 Mumps
Chicken Pox (Varicella)

 Chicken pox are likely to appear on the face, ears, arms, chest, stomach
and extremities.
 Chicken pox can be spread thru airborne droplet and direct contact
 Signs and Symptoms:

Fever
Itchy rash
Feels ill
Headache
Meningitis

 Inflammation of the membranes(meninges)

 Is an infection that covers the brain and spinal cord
 Meningitis can vary up to 2 – 10 days
 Signs and Symptoms:

Fever
Headache
Drowsiness
Stiff neck
Refuse to eat
Also dislike to bright lights
Measles

 Is a very contagious disease that can spread through contact with infected
mucus and saliva.
 Can be prevented by MMR vaccination
 Signs and Symptoms:

Cough
Fever
Red eyes
Runny nose
Sore throat
Muscle ache
Koplik’s spots
Mumps

 Is a contagious disease caused by a virus that passes from one person to

another through saliva, nasal secretions and close personal contact.
 Can also prevented by MMR vaccine
 Signs and Symptoms:

 Fatigue
 Body aches
 Head ache
 Loss of appetite
 Low grade fever
Tonsillitis

 Inflammation of the tonsils cause by bacterial or viral infection

 Treatment: antibiotics, increase fluid, salt water gargle
 Signs and symptoms:

Difficult swallowing
Swollen and tendered glands on the
side of the neck
Bad breath
Fever and chills
Bronchitis
 Is an inflammation or swelling of the bronchial tubes(bronchi), the air
passages between the mouth and nose and the lungs.
 Acute Bronchitis: short term illness that often follows a cold or viral
infection
 Chronic Bronchitis: long term illness and can be the result of
environmental factors or extended illness.
 Signs and Symptoms:

Persistent cough Headaches

Wheezing Blocked nose and sinuses
Low fever and chills
Chest tightening
Sore throat
Body aches
Breathlessness
Rubella

Also known as German Measles or 3 day Measles

Is a contagious viral infection. Best known by its distinctive red
rash.
It can be prevented by MMR vaccination
Signs and Symptoms:
Rashes
Swollen lymph nodes
Fever
Sore throat
Feeling tired
Diarrhea

Is characterized by loose or watery stools. Cause by bacteria,

viruses or parasitic organisms.
Treatment: antidiarrheal medications, antibiotic, probiotics.
Signs and Symptoms:

Stomach pain
Abdominal cramps
Bloating
Thirst
Weight loss
Fever
Hand, Food and Mouth Disease

Is a viral infection that causes a rash or blisters on the

hands and feet, as well as in or around the mouth.
Is most commonly caused by a coxsackie virus
Signs and Symptoms:
Fever
Sore throat
Malaise
Painful, red blister
Loss of appetite
Diphtheria
  Diphtheria causes a thick covering in the back of the throat. It can lead to
difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, and even death. 
 is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. 
 Diphtheria spreads (transmits) from person to person, usually through
respiratory droplets, like from coughing or sneezing.
 Signs and Symptoms:

Sore throat
Fever
Barky cough
Pertussis
 Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious
respiratory disease. It is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.
 is known for uncontrollable, violent coughing which often makes it hard to
breathe. After cough fits, someone with pertussis often needs to take deep
breaths, which result in a “whooping” sound. 
 Signs and Symptoms:

Early Symptoms (1-2wks) Later Symptoms (after 2 wks)

Runny nose Paroxysms (fits)
Low grade fever Vomiting
Mild, occasional cough Exhaustion
Apnea
Tetanus
 is a serious infection caused by Clostridium tetani. This bacterium
produces a toxin that affects the brain and nervous system, leading to
stiffness in the muscles.
 The infection can cause severe muscle spasms, serious breathing
difficulties, and can ultimately be fatal. Although tetanus treatment exists,
it is not uniformly effective. The best way to protect against tetanus is to
take the vaccine.
 Signs and Symptoms:

Diarrhea
Fever
Headache
Influenza

 is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus.

 Is highly contagious and is normally spread by the coughs
and sneezes of an infected person.
 Signs and symptoms:

High fever
Cold sweats and shivers
Headache
Aching joints and limbs
Fatigue
Nausea, vomiting and
Diarrhea
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
 Is transmitted by a female mosquito (aedes egypti) bite.
 Dengue fever is caused by a virus, and there is no specific medicine or
antibiotic to treat it. For typical dengue fever, the treatment is directed
toward relief of the symptoms (symptomatic treatment).
 Signs and Symptoms:

High fever and severe headache

Severe pain behind the eyes
Joint pain
Muscle and bone pain
Rash or petechiae
And mild bleeding.
Japanese Encephalitis
 Is a neurologic infection with a broad range of manifestations. It can range
from subtle changes in behavior to serious problems, including blindness,
ataxia, weakness and movement disorders.
 caused by a Flavivirus, Japanese Encephalitis Virus
 Is transmitted by a culicine mosquito (Culex Tritaeniorhynchus) bite.
 Signs and Symptoms:

Fever Extrapyramidal signs

Severe headache Cranial Nerve
Seizure Findings
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Flaccid Paralysis