Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ucsp Week 4-1
Ucsp Week 4-1
Social Evolution
Human Bio-cultural & Social Evolution
https://www.tacomacc.edu/areasofstudy/collegetransfer/anthropology/
hominid
1. Sahelanthropus
2. Ardipithecus
3. Australopithecus
4. Homo
australopithecus
- “Southern ape”
- Brain size of 500 cc
- Biped
- Tool users
- Food scavengers
2 major categories of
australopithecus
1. Gracile Australopithecine
- had small teeth and jaw
- “Lucy” was discovered by
paleoanthropologists led by Dr.
Donald Johanson
2. Robus Australopithecus
- had large teeth and jaw
homo
- “Handy Man”
- Discovered by Louis and Mary
Leakey
- Tool makers
- Made tools called Oldowan
- Height about 3 to 4 ft.
- Brain size of 700 cc half the size OF
MODERN HUMAN BRAIN
Human Biological Evolution
- “Upright Man”
- Discovered by Eugene Dubois (dutch
anatomist)
- Brain size of 1,000 cc 2/3 of the
human brain
- Height of about 5 ft.
- Known for making complex
tools (skillful hunters)
- First Homo species to use fire, spoken
languages and to live in caves and
small houses
- Java man and Peking man
Human Biological Evolution
Wonderwerk Cave-
A cave discovered in South
Africa filled with
carbonized leaves and
grasses made
archaeologists believe that
cooking food was practiced
among early humans. https://www.pinterest.com/patricecapps/
types-of-fossilization/
Human Biological Evolution
http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ciencia/
2014/08/1505273-65279arqueologos-recorrem-a-
drones-para-explorar-e-proteger-
antiguidades.shtml
http://imgur.com/gallery/lP1lz
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2015-
09/01/content_21764761.htm
Cultural Evolution of Man
Human Bio-cultural & Social Evolution
Cultural Evolution of Man
http://www.pinkjooz.com/
index.php/evolution-of-cell-phone/
Cultural Evolution of Man
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/
109212359692118702/
Cultural Evolution of Man
Paleolithic period
• first phase of the Stone Age
• Started the creation and use of
crude stone
• derived from the Greek
words palaios (old)
and lithos (stone) to collectively
mean "old stone age."
http://www.lookandlearn.com/blog/
32026/the-best-pictures-of-stone-age-
hunters/
Cultural Evolution of Man
Paleolithic period
• showed their skills with fire and stones
that changed their diet and food
consumption.
• Hunting and fishing were the primary
activities
• developed their own language based on
sounds and hand signals.
https://
historiamolim6000.wordpress.c
om/tag/paleolithic-age/
Cultural Evolution of Man
words mesos (middle) L4rAivYw&ust=1503890287512099
and lithos (stone) that
collectively mean "middle stone
age."
Cultural Evolution of Man
Mesolithic period
• domesticated plants and animals.
• own settlements and communities.
• Hunting, fishing, and food gathering
were the primary activities
• They also started to use microliths or
smaller and more delicate stone
tools.
https://www.google.com.ph/url?
sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ah
UKEwiEpcT-uvbVAhWClJQKHZsgA2IQjxwIAw&url=http
%3A%2F%2Fklejonka.info%2F2017mimage-mesolithic-
age.awp&psig=AFQjCNFu2CF7eKZvw2ORwwssh5xaC_
qNyA&ust=1503890487557250
Cultural Evolution of Man
Neolithic period
• the last phase of the
Stone Age
• derived from the Ancient
Greek words neos (new)
and lithos (stone) that
collective translates to
"new stone age."
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/
437271445047333782/
Cultural Evolution of Man
Neolithic period
1. Australopithecus
2. Homo Habilis
3. Homo Erectus
4. Homo Sapiens
Socio-political Evolution of Man:
Neolithic Revolution
Human Bio-cultural & Social Evolution
Socio-Political Evolution of Man: The Neolithic Revolution
Neolithic Revolution
• The transition period
from being nomadic
to a newly found
lifestyle when
human started to
domesticate animals
and crops and form a
human civilization.
https://www.google.com.ph/url?
sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwj4pYngvfbVAhVHi5QKHQqJBtYQjxwIAw&url=
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin
%2F438889926166425600%2F&psig=AFQjCNGLnXKUSOCBsyx-utZLLX7yCK_HSg&ust=1503891264749190
Socio-Political Evolution of Man: The Neolithic Revolution
Neolithic Revolution
From hunter-gatherers or
nomads, people became farmers
through domestication, the
process of increasing human
control in breeding animals or
plants to regulate certain traits
that will make them useful for
http://schools.yrdsb.ca/markville.ss/projects/
classof2008/chong2/ortiz/Neolithic
other human needs.
%20Revolution.htm
Socio-Political Evolution of Man: The Neolithic Revolution
Neolithic Revolution
1. Sociopolitical Development
2. Economic Development
3. Biological Development
Socio-Political Evolution of Man: The Neolithic Revolution
Sociopolitical Development
• The Neolithic revolution paved the way for the creation of
civilization through permanent settlements dictated by reliable
food supply.
• Development in domestication techniques and practices allow
for a more complex society and the possibility for
urbanization.
• With the emergence of towns and cities came the birth of
trade and marketplaces. This led to the economy and a
hierarchical society with public leaders and castes.
• A form of social stratification was developed. This created the
idea of inequality and ideas of social power and influence
Socio-Political Evolution of Man: The Neolithic Revolution
Economic Development
• Because of the domestication of
crops and animals, abundant
supplies of food and resources
were maintained.
• A selective breeding process of
plants and animals that would
allow for the development of new
species was introduced.
https://eideard.com/2013/09/11/spread-of-farming-the-
origin-of-lactase-persistence-in-neolithic-age/
Socio-Political Evolution of Man: The Neolithic Revolution
Biological Development
• There was increase in lifespan
and human population across
civilizations.
• People learned to play
different social roles apart
from being farmers (e.g.
craftsman, priest, leader).
http://members.tripod.com/mr_sedivy/
prehist4.html
Socio-Political Evolution of Man: The Neolithic Revolution
https://www.thinglink.com/scene/
702918325952315393
Socio-Political Evolution of Man: Early Civilizations and the Rise of
States
The Development of States
Historians believe that these developments occurred because of
trades among different regions. The early civilizations would have
had some form of writing to document or record traces of their
products and deals.
https://
www.thinglink.com/
scene/
702918325952315393
Socio-Political Evolution of Man: The Neolithic Revolution
The Development of States
Copper Age (5,900-3,200 BCE),
• the system of commerce grew with
prosperity, leading to the development
of cities and changes in sociopolitical
positions with some civilizations
promoting a kingship to replace
priestly rule.
• This era gave rise to numerous
developments such as the invention of https://www.123rf.com/
stock-photo/
the wheel and the transition from the copper_age.html
use of stone tools to copper tools.
Socio-Political Evolution of Man: The Neolithic Revolution
The Development of States
https://weaponsandwarfare.com/
2016/02/29/iron-and-empire-the-rise-of-
assyria/
Socio-Political Evolution of Man: Early Civilizations and the Rise of
States
Implications of the Rise of Civilizations
and States
https://www.livebinders.com/play/play?id=848689
Importance of Artifacts in Interpreting Social, Cultural, Political, and Economic
Processes
1. Economic
The discovery of ancient cuneiform
writing lead archeologists to
discover that it was primarily
developed to create a long-
distance communication method
for trade and to account income https://www.google.com.ph/search?
hl=en&biw=1088&bih=490&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=ancient
+cuneiform+tablets&oq=ancient+cuneiform+&gs_l=psy-
Spaniards
Importance of Artifacts in Interpreting Social, Cultural, Political, and Economic
Processes
Examples of How artifacts impacted
various processes
4. Social
In West Asia, around 4,000 years
ago, nose piercing was considered
a status symbol wherein the size of
the ring depicted a family’s wealth.
Those who had bigger nose rings
were considered wealthier
Importance of Artifacts in Interpreting Social, Cultural, Political, and Economic
Processes
Importance of Artifact Preservation
1. Artifacts are irreplaceable. Artifacts, being
made hundreds, even thousands of years
ago, are very delicate objects that cannot be
replaced by any available material in the
present time.
2. Artifacts are keys to understanding the
past. Practices that occurred in the past
would not have been known if not for the
discovery of artifacts.
Importance of Artifacts in Interpreting Social, Cultural, Political, and Economic
Processes
Importance of Artifact Preservation
3. Artifacts give people a sense of identity. Artifacts
greatly describe culture and society. They provide
people with an opportunity to further understand
their identities and heritage, as well as some
collective qualities that their culture may have.
4. The past is yet to be fully discovered. Despite the
seemingly great successes archaeologists have made
in recent years, there is still more to discover about
history. Treating artifacts like pieces of puzzles will
eventually provide a general picture of the past.
Importance of Artifacts in Interpreting Social, Cultural, Political, and
Economic Processes