Artificial

Satellites

By-Naman Gupta
WHAT ARE ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES
Humans have been successful in placing
their own satellites around the Earth. The
satellites are sent up in rockets. They resolve
around the Earth, and are used for various
purposes. They are known as artificial
Satellites.
There are currently over thousand
active artificial satellites orbiting
the Earth. The size, altitude and
design of a satellite depend on its
purpose.
 4 Oct. 1957
First Satellite of world was –
Sputnik 1 launched on 4
October 1957 by Russians.

First satellite of Indians was

Aryabhata launched on 19 April
1975
19 Apr. 1975

WHICH IS FIRST SATELLITE OF

WORLD AND INDIA
TYPES OF SATELLITES.

Navigation Communication Weather satellites Earth observation

satellites satellites satellites

Astronomical International
satellites Space Station
(ISS)
NAVIGATION AND COMMUNICATION
SATELLITE

Navigation satellites
The GPS (global positioning system) is made up of 24 satellites
that orbit at an altitude of 20,000 km above the surface of the
Earth. The difference in time for signals received from four
satellites is used to calculate the exact location of
a GPS receiver on Earth.

Communication satellites
These are used for television, phone or internet transmissions,
for example, the Optus D1 satellite is in a geostationary
orbit above the equator and has a coverage footprint to
provide signals to all of Australia and New Zealand.
WEATHER AND EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITE
Weather satellites
These are used to image clouds and
measure temperature and rainfall. Both
geostationary and low Earth orbits are used
depending on the type of weather satellite.
Weather satellites are used to help with more
accurate weather forecasting.
Earth observation satellites
These are used to photograph and
image the Earth. Low Earth orbits
are mainly used so that a more
detailed image can be produced.
ASTRONOMICAL SATELLITE AND INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION
Astronomical satellites
These are used to monitor and image space.
A satellite such as the Hubble Space
Telescope orbits at an altitude of 600 km and
provides very sharp images of stars and
distant galaxies. Other space telescopes
include Spitzer and Chandra.
International Space Station (ISS)
This is a habitable space laboratory. At an
altitude of 400 km, the ISS travels at a speed of
28,000 km/h and orbits the Earth once every 92
minutes. Scientists inside the ISS are able to
perform many valuable experiments in a
microgravity environment.
NAME OF SOME SATELLITES
INDIA HAS LAUNCHED
Launch Year Satellite Importance
2011 Insat-4G C-band communication Satellite
2011 GSAT-12 Communication Satellite

2013 Mars orbiter mission Indian first Mars orbiter

2018 GSAT-11 Heaviest satellite of India
2018 Gsat-7-A Facilitates services for Indian Army
and air force
2019 GSAT-31 This is a high-throughput
Telecommunication Satellite
2019 Chandrayaan 2 India’s second lunar exploration
mission
2020 GSAT-30 It is the 41st communication satellite
launched by ISRO