CHAPTER 9

LITERARY MASTERPIECES OF
DR.JOSE RIZAL
 *DR.JOSE RIZAL WAS THE YOUNG DOCTOR WRITER AND THE MOST OUTSTANDING
MEMBER OF THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
*HE WAS BORN IN 1861 TO A PROSPEROUS CHINESE MESTIZO FAMILY FROM THE
PROVINCE OF LAGUNA.
*HE BEGAN T0 TO LEARN HOW TO READ AND WRITE AT THE AGE OF TWO AND GREW UP
WITH A KNOWLEDGE OF 20 LANGUAGES INCLUDING LATIN, GREEK, GERMAN, FRENCH,
AND CHINESE.

*AS A BRILLIANT INDIVIDUAL RESPECT TO HIS COUNRTY IN HIS LAST LETTER “MI ULTIMO
ADIOS” HE MENTIONED THAT THE PHILIPPINES IS A “PEARL OF THE ORIENT SEAS” AS THE
DESCRIBED NAME OF THE PHILIPPINES ISLAND WHICH WAS ORIGINATED FROM THE IDEA
OF THE SPANISH JESUIT MISSIONARY , FR.JUAN J. DELGADO IN 1751.
• HIS LOVE FOR HIS COUNTRY GAVE HIM AN EDGE TO WRITE AND
CRITICIZE THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT IN HIS TEO NOVELS,
DRUMMED UP THE SENTIMENTS OF THE OPPRESED , BUT CALLED
FOR PEACEFUL REFORM UNDER COLONIAL RULERS, THE PUBLICIZED
TWO NOVELS ARE NOLI ME TANGERE “TOUCH ME NOT” IN 1886 AND
THE EL FILIBUSTERISMO “ THE REIGN OF GREED”IN 1891.

• DR. JOSE RIZAL WAS ARRESTED AND EXECUTED ON DECEMBER 30 ,

1896 AT THE AGE OF 30 , THE DEATH SPRANG AWARENESS AND
BROUGHT TO A REVOLT , AFTER THE LIFE OFFERING , THE
NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES RECOGNIZED DR.JOSE RIZAL AS THE FIRST
NATIONALIST THAT WAS HAILED IN THE PEARL OF THE ORIENT SEAS
 • CLOSES FRIEND GAVE TRIBUTE TO THE NATIONAL HERO , SUCH AS:
• PROFFESOR FERDINAND BLUMENTRIT , A RECTOR OF THE IMPERIAL ATHENEUM OF
LEITMERITZ, CONSIDERED AS TO BROTHER TO RIZAL , VERBATIM MENTIONED THAT
“RIZAL WAS THE GREATEST PRODUCT OF THE PHILIPPINES AND HIS COMING TO THE
WORLD WAS LIKE THE APPEARANCE OF RARE COMET, WHOSE RARE BRILLIANCE
APPEARS ONLY EVERY OTHER CENTURY.
• DR . ADOLF B. MEYER A GERMAN DIRECTOR OF THE DRESDEN MUSEUM, HE
REMARKABLY SAID THAT “RIZALS MANY-SIDENESS WAS STUPENDOUS”
• MOREOVER, OUR VERY OWN , A RESIDENT COMMISSIONER FROM THE
COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINES ISLANDS, SENATOR CAMILO OSIAS POINTED
THAT RIZAL IS A “VERSATILE GENIUS”
• EVERY FILIPINO SHPULD KNOW HIS ABSOLUTE CONTRIBUTION TO OUR COUNTRY
AND HE DREAMT THAT EVERY FILIPINO IN HIS COUNTRY HAS AN EQUAL PLAYING
FIELD , AMASTER OF HIS OWN COUNTRY AND A CULTIVATOR OF GOOD DEEDS.
 • FOR DR. JOSE RIZAL , ACCORDING TO WELL RESPECTED NATINAL HERO OF THE
PHILIPPINES “ THE PEN IS MIGHTIER THAT SWORD”THROUGH HIS LITERARY
MASTERPIECESHE VOICE STRONG OPPOSITION ON THE ABSUSES OF THE SPANIARDS AND
CONVEYED MESSAGES THAT HE HOPED WOULD INSPIRE HIS FELLOW COUNTRYMEN , WE
ROUND UP HIS BEST WORKS AND UNCOVER THE UNDERLYING MEANING BEHIND HIS
LITERATURES, AS FOLLOWS
1. TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH
- RIZAL WROTE THIS LITERARY POEM WHEN HE WAS STILL STUDYING AT THE UNIVERITY OF
STO.TOMAS (UST) , ORIGINALLY WRITTEN IN SPANISH “ A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA” ( TO THE
PHILIPPINES YOUTH), RIZAL SUBMITTED THIS PIECE FOR A POEM CONTEST ORGANIZED FOR
FILIPINOS BY HE MANILA LYCEUM OF ART AND LITERATURE , AT THE AGE OF 18 , THIS WORK
IS BEAMING WITH STRONG MESSAGES TO CONVINCE READERS, THE YOUTH IN PARTICULAR,
THAT THEY ARE THE HOPE OF THE NATION , HE ALSO STRESSES TE IMPORTANCE OF
EDUCATION TO ONES FUTURE , RIZAL WON THE FIRST PRIZE AND HE WAS REWARDED WITH
A FEATHER-SHAPED SILVER PEN AND A DIPLOMA.
2. GOODBYE TO LEONOR
- THIS LITERARY PIECE GIVES AN INSIGHT INTO THE ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIP OF RIZAL
ANDHIS BELOVED, LEONOR RIVERA. WAS ONLY 13 YEARS OLD , RIVERAS PARENTS WRE
NOT IN FAVOR OF THEIR RELATIONSHIP AND THROUGH DISTANCE SEPERATED THEM, THE
TWO KEPT IN TOUCH BY SENDING LETTERS AND PHOTOGRAPS TO EACH OTHER , RIZAL
LATER FOUND OUT THAT HER LOVED LADY WOULD SOON TIE THE KNOT WITH HENRY
KIPPING , AND THE NEWS DEFINITELY DISHEARTED HIM, THE LONELY HEARTBREAKING
FEELINGS, RESULTED IN THIS MELANCHOLIC POEM.
3. TO YOUNG WOMEN OF MALOLOS
- ADDESSES TO THE FILIPINO WOMEN , IT REFLECTS THE INHERITANCE VALUES ,AND THE
REMINDER TO ALL FILIPINO WOMEN THEIR ROLE IN THE SOCIETY , IN HIS LETTER , HE
ADDRESES ALL KINDS OF FILIPINO WOMEN, MOTHERR, WIVES, AND EVEN THE SINGLE
WOMEN , THROUGHOUT THIS LITERARY PIECE , HE HIGHLIGHTS THE QUALITIES THAT
FILIPINO MOTHERS SHOULD POSSESS, THE DUTIES OF WIVES TO THEIR HUSBANDS AND
CHILDREN , AND THE COUNSEL ON HOW YOUNG WOMEN SHOULD CHOOSE THEIR LIFETIME
PARTNER .
4.KUNDIMAN
- A KUNDIMAN TRADITIONALLY REFERS TO A LOVE SONG WHERE A MAN SERENADES THE
WOMAN HE LOVES , FOR SCHOLARS , THIS WORD WAS DERIVED FROM THE TAGALOG
PHRASE “ KUNG HINDI MAN” ( IF IT SHOULD NOT TO BE SO) WHIXH SUGGESTS THE
PEOPLE PUT THEIR FAITH IN A HIGHER BEING WHO DECIDES WETHER OR NOT SOMETHING
IS MEANT FOR THEM, BUT IN RIZALS LITERARY WORKS, HE WOTE A KUNDIMAN TO
PROFESS HIS INTENSE LOVE FOR HIS MOTHERLAND , THIS PIECE REFLECTS HIS HIGH HOPES
THAT ONE DAY, THE PHILIPPINES WOULD BE FREE FROM TEACHERY AND INJUSTICE.
5. JUNTO AL PASIG
IT MEANS BESIDE PASIG RIVER , AN ENGLISH VERSION OF A PLAY , IT RESPONSE TO THE
JESUITS REQUEST , RIZAL WROTE THIS ONE- ACT PLAY IN THE SPANISH LANGUAGE FOR THE
“VELADA”WHICH IS A NIGHT GALA VARIETY PROGRAM DURING THE PRINCIPAL FEAST DAY ,
THE STORY REVOLVED TO LEONIDO ( A YOUNG FILIPINO WHO HAS A STRONG FAITH IN THE
VIRGIN” AND THE DIWATA/SATAN , WHO SYMBOLIZED THE SPANISH OPPRESSION TOWARDS
THE FILIPINOS, THE THEME GIVE HIGHLIGHT ON THE CHRISTIANITY, GOOD VS. EVIL AND
PAGANISM , DECEMBER 8, 1880 , WAS THE ACTUAL VIEWING OF VELADA AND HE DEDICATED
IT IN HONOR TO OUR LADY OF PEACE AND VOYAGE OF THE UST.
6. NOLI ME TANGERE
IT IS ONE OF THE MOST VALUABLE LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINE LITERATURE UNTIL
TODAY, WITH THE ENGLISH VERSION “ TOUCH ME NOT” DRIVEN BY HIS UNDYING LOVE
FOR HIS COUNTRY , RIZAL WROTE THE NOVEL TO EXPOSE THE SUFFERING OF THE
PHILIPPINE SOCIETY DURING THE SPANISH COLONIAL ERA, IN HIS TIME , THE SPANIARDS
PROHIBITED THE FILIPINOS FROM READINGTHE CONTROVERSIAL BOOK BECAUSE OF THE
UNLAWFUL ACTS DEPICTED THE CRUELTY OF THE COLONIAL RULES , THEY ATTEMPTED TO
SUPPRESS THE SPREADING OF THE NOVEL BUT THEY WERE NOT ABLE TO BAN IT
COMPLETELY.
7. EL FILIBUSTERISMO
THIS IS RIZAL SEQUEL TO HIS FIRST BOOK , NOLI ME TANGERE , IN EL FILIBUSTERISMO
( THE REIGN OF THE GREED ) THE NOVEL EXHIBIT A DARK THEME IN WHICH , IT DEPICTS
THE COUNTRY ISSUES AND HOW THE PROTAGONIST ATTEMPTS A REFORM , RIZAL
DEDICATED HIS SECOND NOVEL TO THE GOMBURZA – THE FIIPINO PRIEST NAMED ,
MARIANO GOMEZ, JOSES APOLONIO BURGOS, AND JACINTO ZAMORA , WHO WHERE
EXECUTED ON CHARGES OF SUBVERSION.
8. MI ULTIMO ADIOS
DURING HIS FINAL DAYS IN FORT SANTIAGO OF MANILA , RIZAL BID FAREWELL TO HIS
MOTHERLAND AND COUNTRYMEN THROUGH HIS POEMS, EVENTUALLY, HIS CO-REFORMIST,
MARIANO PONCE TITTLED , DR. JOSE RIZAL LAST POEM , “ MI ULTIMO ADIOS” OR MY LAST
FAREWELL , SOME HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS SAY HE WROTE IT ON THE VE BEFORE HIS
EXECUTION , WHILW OTHERS CLAIM THAT HE WROTE THE POEM A FEW DAYS BEFORE HIS
DEATH IN MANILA ON DECEMBER 30, 1896..
CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES:
DURING & AFTER PROPAGANDIST ERA
• 1. Antonio Abad (1894-1970) -Antonio Abad was one of the leading contributors
of Fil-Hispanic Literature during his time.
• -His writings were in the native language, Cebuano & Spanish.
• -Antonio Abad frequently referred as "The Greatest Hispanic Filipino Novelist
after Rizal". His works:
• a. El ÚltimoRomántico, 1928, PremioZobel.
• b. La Oveja de Nathán, 1929, PremioZobel.
• c. El Campeón, 1940, Philippine Commonwealth Literary Award.
• d. La Vida Secreta de Daniel Espeña, 1960.
• 2. Fr. Francisco Ignacio Alcina, S.J (1610-1674)
• - Francisco Alcina is a Parish priest in the Visayan island for 37 years.
• -Most of the years of Alcina were spent among the natives whom he
used to call "My beloved Bisayan". His work:
• a. Historia natural del sitio, fertilidad y calidad de las Islas e Indios de
Bisayas (Alcina's History of the Bisayan Islands), 1668
•
3. Rosauro Almario (1886-1933) -Rosauro was an Editor of Pagkakaisa (A Daily
News Paper) -Among his works as a writer was the Tagalog-language essay, “Ano
ang Ligaya sa Ibabaw ng Lupa?” (What is Happiness on the Surface of the Earth?)
written in 1907.
• -The award-winning Spanish-language essay, "Que Es Pueblo” (What is Town) His
novels:
• a. Pinatatawad kita (You are Forgiven), 1910.
• b. Ang Mananayaw (The Dancer), 1910.
• c. Mga Anak Bukid (Children of the Farmlands), 1911.
d. Mga Dahong Luksa (Grievieng Leaves), 1912.
e. Nang Si Eba ay Likhain (When Eve was Createc), 1913.
• 4. Uldarico A. Alviola (1883-1966)
• -He was a Filipino Visayan Novelist & One of the Most Important Cebuano
Language Writers.
• -Alviola is also a Lexicographer
• -In 1962, he received the LUDABI award for his contributions to Cebuano culture.
-He was also once a Deputy Governor of Cebu, one of provinces of the
Philippines. His writings:
• a. Felicitas, 1912
• b. Ang Gugma sa Lalaki, 1921
• c. Ang Gugma sa Babaye, 1918
• d. Gumaran sa Kinabuhi, 1934
• 5. Cecilio Apostol (1877-1938) -Cecilio Apostol was a Filipino poet.
• - During the early years of American occupation he worked as a
journalist for the revolutionary newspapers Independence, The
Brotherhood, The Union, Renaissance and Democracy.
• -He wrote in English and Spanish, and composed poems that
demonstrated his mastery of Spanish. His work:
• a. “Al Heroe Nacional” (To the National Hero)
• 6. Lourdes Castrillo Brillantes -Brillantes was a prominent Filipino
Writer in the Spanish Language, Professor and a Premio Zobel
awardee in 1998. Her works:
• a. “81 Años del Premio Zobel” (81 Years of the Premio Zobel), 2006.
• b. Tesorio Literario de Filipinas", 2009.
•
7. Edmundo Farolan -Edmundo Farolan is a Filipino-Canadian Author
• -He received the highest literary honor in Spanish writing 1982. As a leading
authority in Spanish literature and language, he is a senior correspondent for the
Real Academia de la Lengua Española in the Philippines.
• -He has published several books of poetry, anthologies, textbooks and
translations. His writing:
• a. Lluvias Filipinas, 1967.
• b. The Rhythm of Despair, 1974.
• c. Gramatica y Practica, 1979.
• d. Don Segundo Sombra: traducciontagala, 1979.
• e. Literatura filhispana: una antologia, 1980.
• f. Espanol para universitarios filipinos, 1981.
• 8. Guillermo Gomez Rivera -Rivera is a Filipino Multilingual Author,
Historian, Educator and Linguistic Scholar
• -In 1975, he was awarded the Premio Zóbel, the Philippines Highest
Literary Honor bestowed on the Best Works in Spanish.
• -He was also appointed Secretary of the Commission on the Filipino
Language Committee of the Philippine Constitutional Convention
(1971–1973)
• . -In addition to his contributions to Philippine literature and history,
Gómez Rivera is also an accomplished linguist and polyglot. His work:
a. Quis ut Deus (Who Is Like God), 2015.
• 9. Fernando María Guerrero (1873-1929)
• - He was a Spanish-Filipino Poet, Journalist, Lawyer, Politician, and
Polyglot
• -He also wrote journals during the years 1898 to 1900 -He serve as
contributor and editor for the newspaper (La Indepencia) together
with Rafael Palma and Epifanio de los Santos.
• -During the early years of the American occupation, he reunited with
Rafael Palma at El Renacimiento (The Rebirth), a Spanish language
daily. His works:
• a. A Hispania (To Spain), 1913
• b. Crisálidas, 1914.
• c. Aves y Flores
• 10. Graciano Lopez Jaena (1856-1896)
• 11. Apolinario Mabini (1864-1903)
• 12. José Palma (1876-1903)
• 13. Marcelo H. del Pilar (1850-1896)
• 14. Claro M. Recto (1890-1960)
• 15. José Rizal (1861-1896)
The evolution of the literatures had been flourish and continued to spread all over the
Philippines. Among the most and famous Filipino contributors are follows:

1. BOB ONG - is the pseudonym of a contemporary Filipino author known for using
conversational writing technique to create humorous and reflective depictions of
Philippine life. The author's actual name and identity is unknown.
* August 1972 (age 47 years), Quezon City
• Non-Fiction - ABNKKBSNPLAko?! (2001) - Bakit Baliktad Magbasa ng Libro ang mga
Pilipino? (2002)
• - Ang Paboritong Libro ni Hudas (2003)
• - Stainless Longganisa (2005) * Fiction
• - Alamat ng Gubat (2003) - Macarthur (2007)
• - Kapitan Sino (2009)
• - Ang mga kaibigan ni mama susan (2010)
• 2. FRANCISCO BALAGTAS –
• Francisco Balagtas y dela cruz commonly known as Francisco Balagtas and also as
Francisco Baltazar, was a prominent Filipino poet during the Spanish colonial period of the
Philippines.
• * Born: 2 April 1788, Balagtas
• * Died: 20 February 1862, Orion
• * Education: Colegio de San Jose (1812), Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Ateneo de Manila
University
• * Parents: Juan Balagtas, Juana de la Cruz
• * Children: Victor Baltazar y Tiambeng
• *WORKS - Florante at Laura or Pinagdaanang Buhay ni Florante at Laura sa Kaharian ng
Albanya, an awit (metrical narrative poem with dodecasyllabic quatrains [12 syllables per
line, 4 lines per stanza]); Balagtas' masterpiece - La India elegante y el negrito amante – a
short play in one part - Orosman at Zafira – a comedia in three parts
• 3. FRANCISCI SIONIL JOSE- is one of the most widely read Filipino writers in the
English language. His novels and short stories depict the social underpinnings of
class struggles and colonialism in Filipino society.
• * Born: 3 December 1924 (age 95 years), Rosales
• * Education: University of Santo Tomas
• * Awards: Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Short Story, Carlos Palanca
Memorial Awards for
• * Novel in English, Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Essay
• * Parents: Sofia Sionil, Antonio Jose
• * WORKS - Rosales Saga novels A five-novel series that spans three centuries of
Philippine history, translated into 22 languages ● Po-on (Source) (1984) ISBN 971-
8845-10-0 ● The Pretenders (1962) ISBN 971-8845-00-3 ● My Brother, My
Executioner (1973) ISBN 971-8845-16-X ● Mass (December 31, 1974) ISBN 0-
86861-572-2 ● Tree (1978) ISBN 971-8845-14-3
• 4. LUALHATI BAUTISTA- Lualhati Torres Bautista is one of the foremost
Filipino female novelists in the history of contemporary Philippine
literature.
• * Her novels include - Dekada '70, - Bata, Bata, Pa'no Ka Ginawa?, -
‘GAPÔ.
• * Born: 2 December 1945 (age 74 years), Tondo
• * Awards: Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Short Story in Filipino,
Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Novel in Filipino
• * Movies: Dekada '70, Lea's Story, Bulaklak sa City Jail, Maricris
Sioson Story: Japayuki, Rizal in Dapitan
• * Education: Florentino Torres High School (1962), Lyceum of the
Philippines University
• * Parents: Gloria Torres, Esteban Bautista
• 5. NICK JOAQUIN- was a Filipino writer and journalist best known for his short
stories and novels in the English language.
• * Born: 4 May 1917, Paco, Manila
• * Died: 29 April 2004, San Juan
• * Awards: Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature, and Creative
Communication Arts, Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Short Story, more
• * Short stories: May Day Eve, The Summer Solstice, Doña Jeronima, La Vidal
• * Education: University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Arts and Letters, University of
Santo Tomas
• * works include the short-story collections - Tropical Gothic (1972) and Stories for
Groovy Kids (1979), the play Tropical Baroque (1979), and the collections of
poetry The Ballad of the Five Battles (1981) and Collected Verse (1987).
• 6. GILDA OLVIDADO- is a Filipino movie and television writer, and
melodrama novelist. Her novels have been turned into live-action movies
by VIVA Films, and also been remade for television through Sine Novela.
• * Born: 9 August 1957 (age 62 years), Cebu City
• * Spouse: Ruben Marcelino
• * Education: Adamson University
• * Parents: Guarda Olvidado, Gregorio Tan
• *WORKS - Sinasamba kita ( I worship You) - Babangon ako't dudurugin kita
(Sweet Revenge)
• 7. LOUIE MAR GANGCUANO- is a Filipino physician, HIV researcher and
novelist. He is the author of the novel Orosa-Nakpil, Malate and is working
as a clinical research associate for the Hawaii Center for AIDS.
• * Born: 26 March 1987 (age 32 years), Mandaluyong
• * Books: Orosa-Nakpil, Malate
• * Education: University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila
Science High School
• *WORKS - Orosa Nakpil, Malate
• 8. MARS RAVELO- was a Filipino comic book cartoonist and graphic
novelist who created Darna, Dyesebel, Captain Barbell, Lastikman,
Bondying, Varga, Wanted: Perfect Mother, Hiwaga, Maruja, Mariposa,
Roberta, Rita, Buhay Pilipino, Jack and Jill, Flash Bomba, Tiny Tony,
and Dragonna among others.
• * Born: 9 October 1916, Tanza
• * Died: 12 September 1988
• * Children: Rex Ravelo, Rita Ravelo-Dela Cruz, Renee Ravelo, Richard
Ravelo, Ruby Ravelo, Gina Ravelo-Marasigan, Roli Ravelo, Zaldy Ravelo
* Books: Frank G. Rivera's darna, etc: screenplays based on characters
created by Mars Ravelo
• 9. CARLO J. CAPARAS- is a Filipino comic strip creator/writer-turned
director and producer, who is best known for creating such Filipino
superheroes.
• * Born: 15 December 1958 (age 61 years), Pampanga
• * Spouse: Donna Villa
• * Books: Inner Fears
• *WORKS - Panday
• SUCESOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS
• Tackle history of the island, Philippines, the history covered 1493-1603, form the
first datus to king of colonizers, and the discovery of the island from 1565
• The author consequently touches more oh the practical affairs of the island and
in his narrative and described the strength and weakness
• The futility of the Spanish policy in making external expedition
• The growth of trade which one Chinese introduced
• Japanese intention in colonization
• As being one of the first of published books regarding the history of the
Philippines.
• The greatness of the monarchy of the Spanish kings is due to the zeal and care
with which they have defended
• May justly raise in those island the pillars and trophies of non plus ultra which the
famouse Hercules left on the shore of the Cadiz sea which were afterward cast
down by the strong arm of Carlos V, our sovereign who surpassed Hercules in
great deeds and enterprises.
• Dr Jose Rizal Annotation to Morga’s 1609 Philippine history
This era and almost all of us brought up in ignorance of our
country’s past history. It is deemed it necessary to quote the testimony
of an illustration Spaniard who in the beginning of the new era
controlled the destinies of the Philippines and had personal knowledge
of our ancient nationality in its last days.

1.Christian religion, Doctor Morga appears to commented on the

Roman Catholic which by fire and sword, he would preserve in its purity
in the Philippines.
2. Kingdoms were indeed discovered and conquered in the remote and
unknown parts of the world by Spanish ships but to the Spaniard who
sailed in them we may add Portuguese, Italians, French Greeks, and
even Africans and Polynesians.
3. Three centuries ago it was th custom to write as intolerantly as
morgas does, but now adays it would be called a bit presumptuous
4.The conversation by the Spaniards wee not as general as their
historians claims.
5. It is not the fact that the Filipinos were unprotected before the
coming of the Spaniard.
6. The island came under Spanish sovereignty and control through
compacts treaties of friendship and aliances for reciprocity
7. The term conquest is admissible but for a part of the island and
them only in its broadest sense.
8.The discovery conquest and conversion cost Spanish blood but still more
Filipino blood
9. Morga shows that the ancient Filipinos had army and navy with artillery
and other implements of warfare.
10.CMorga’s expression that the Spaniards “brought war to the gates of the
Filipinos”
11. The image of the holy child of cebu which many religious written believed
was brought to cebu by the angels.
12. The expedition of villalobos, intermediate between magellan’s and
legaspis gave the name philipina to the one of the southern island.
13. Manila rules at the coming of the Spaniards, Raja Soliman was called
Rahang Mura
14.Morga’s has evidently confused the pacific coming of Legaspi with the attack of
goiti and Salcedo
15. Though not mentioned by morga the cebuana aided the Spaniard in their
expedition against manila
16. The southern island the bisayas were also called “the land of the painted people
for pintados
17. Morga says the the lands were entrusted ( given as encomiendas to those who
had pacified them. He means divided up among
18. Legaspi’s grandson, Salcedo called the Hernando Cortez of the Philippines was
the conqueror’s intelligent right arm and the hero conquest.
19. The expedition which followed the Chinese corsair Li Mang-hong, after his
unsuccessful attack upon manila to pangasinan province, which spanirads of whom
Morga tells, had in it 1,500 frinedly form Cebu
20. If discovery and occupation justify annexation, then borneo ought to belong to
spain
21. It is notable how strictly the earlier Spanish governors were held to
account.
22. In the fruitless expedition against the Portuguese in the island of
ternate in the Molucca group
23. The pacification of kagayan was accomplished by taking advantage
of the jealousies among its people particularly the rivalry between two
brothers who were chiefs
24. The early conspiracy of the manila and Pampanga former chief was
revealed to the Spanish by a Filipino, the wife of a soldier, and many
concerned lost their lives
25. The artillery cast for the new stone fort in manila, says Morga, was
by the hand of an ancient Filipino
26. When the English free bother Cavendish captured the Mexican
galleon santa Ana, with 122000 gold pesos, a great quantity of rich
textiles- skills, satins and damask, musk, perfume
27. From the earlier Spanish days ships were built in the island
28. The Jesuit, father Alonso Sanchez, who visited the papal court at rome
and the Spanish king at madrid
29. In the time of governor Gomez Perez Dasmarinas manila was guarded
against further damage such as was suffered from Li Ma-hong by the
construction
30. The early cathedral of wood which was burned through carelessness at
the time of the funeral of governdor dasmarinas
31. A stone house for the bishop was built before starting on the
governador general service
32. It is worthy of note that china, japan and Cambodia at ths time
maintained relations with the Philippines
33. For governor dasmarinas expedition to conquer ternate, in the molucan
group
34. The historian argensola in telling of four special galleys foe
dasmarinas expedition, says that they were manned by an expedient
which was generally considered rather harsh.
35. Morga says that the 250 chinese oarsmen who manned governor
dasmarinas swift gallery were under pay and had the special favor of
not being chained
36. It is difficult to excuse the missionaries disregard of the laws of
nation and the usage of homorable politics in their interference in
Cambodia on the ground that is was to spread the faith.
37. In the attempt made by rodriguez de Figueroa to conquer
Mondanao according ti his contact with the king of spain
38. Argensola has preserved the name of the Filipino who killed
rodriguez de Figueroa
39. The muskets used by the buhahayens were probably some that had
belonged to Figueroa soldier who had died in battle
40. That the Spaniards used the word discover very careless may be
seen form an admiral ‘’
• El Filibusterismo
• Second novel and a sequel to the Noli is more revolutionary and trategic than El Fili.
• 13 years after the event in the Noli Me Tangere, Juan Crisostomo Ibarra
• Connection with the illustration societal personalities in spain.
• People saw him as an influence figure whom his majesty consulted whenever decisions
were to be made
• He wanted to take revenge and bring back the love of maria clara who now resided at the
convent
• He found his allies with the oppressed and enslaved
• This was the plot simoun also ordered attack that would back fire and weaken the
government military forces.
• Simoun left as soon as delivering his gift the lamp it was a festive celebration but
unknown to the guest
• Simouns troops to simultaneously attack in manila
• Isagani a student and friend of the newly weds the plot and because of this undying
• He drank a poison and as it effected started to take toll on his body
• He was able to confess his plans and real name to a Filipino priests
• Noli Me Tangere ( Touch Me Not )
• Satirical novel exposing the organce and autocrat of the Spanish clergy.
• John louise Ramos wrote in international Writters and Literature.
• Noli Me Tangere shaped the minds and opened the eyes of hisfellow Filipinos to
the abuses they have suffered
• He symbolically painted a portrait quite similar to the condition of the
Philippines during that time
• Juan Crisostomo Ibarra the only son of the late Haciendero Don Rafael Ibarra.
• Ibarra was near perfect hes handsome, intelligent, rich and famouse
• A local newspaper even took note of his arrival
• Ibarra was full of hopes and desire in the nation
• Power and connection to the illustrious figures society he can make a difference
• Ibarra had a bright future he had a beautiful girlfriend name Maria Clara
 
RIZAL ANNOTATION OF MORGAS SUCESOS
• HIS PERSONAL FRIENDSHIP WITH FERDINAND BLUMENTRIT
PROVIDED THE INSPIRATION FOR DOING A NEW EDITION OF
MORGAS SUCESOS, DEVOTING FOUR MONTHS RESEARCH AND
WRITING AND ALMOST A YEAR TO GET HIS MANUSCRIPT PUBLISHED
IN PARIS IN JANUARY 1890
The Philippines a century hence is a socio-political
essay written in the magazine La solidaridad by José
Rizal.
• SUMMARIZE

• 1. During those years of colonization, Spain’s implementation of

military policies because of such laws, the Philippine population
decreased dramatically. Poverty became more rampant than ever and
the people continued to suffer from hunger and disease.
•
2. Another feature was the deterioration and disappearance of our
indigenous culture. The people started forgetting who they were,
what their cherished beliefs, songs, poetry, religion, and other forms
of their cultural heritage were.

• 3. People lost their sense of self-worth and their spirits were broken
and they began to lose hope and became disgusted with themselves
because of the Colonization of the Spaniards.
• 4. In this essay as well as his novels, Rizal attributes the passivity and
submissiveness of our people to the manner of governance by the colonizers.
One of the most powerful forces that influenced a culture of silence among the
natives were the Spanish friars. Because of the use of force, the Filipinos learned
to submit themselves to the will of the foreigners.
• The question then arises as to what had awakened the hearts and opened the
minds of the Filipino people with regards to their plight. Eventually, the natives
realized that such oppression in their society by foreign colonizers must no longer
be tolerated. What Rizal had envisioned in his essay came true. In 1898, the
Americans wrestled with Spain to win the Philippines, and eventually took over
the country. Five decades after Rizal’s death, the Philippines gained their long-
awaited independence and this was in fulfillment of what he had written in his
essay.