CGE535

ELECTRICAL AND
INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY

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 Week 1
Chapter 1: Introduction

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 Lesson Outcome

At the end of class, students should be able to:

 Define current, voltage and power including their units.
 State the basic measurement and units of electricity.

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 Definition

 Electric - A type of energy that occurs due to the movement of

electrons and protons in an oscillating pattern.
 Electricity - The set of physical phenomena associated with the
presence and flow of electric charge
 Electrical - Operating by or producing electricity: "an electrical
appliance".
 Instrumentation - The design and use of an electrical system to
collect and process physically meaningful data

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 The importance of Electrical and
Instrumentation Technology

 Sensors/Detectors
 Transmitter
 Audio enhancement
 Motor/machine
 Artificial Intelligent

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 Oil and Gas E&P Life Cycle?

 Electric?
 Electronic?
 Electrical properties?

 Your first task: get into the reference (books, websites etc.)
and find out the application of electrical properties and
instrumentation in Oil and Gas E&P Life Cycle Activities.
 We will discuss this in your next tutorial.
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Measurement and units of electricity
Quantity Symbol Unit Formula and Unit
Charge Q Coulomb Current x time, A.s
Current I Ampere Charge/time, C/s
Energy W Joule Power x time, W.s
Power P Watt Energy/time, J/s
Voltage V Volt Energy/charge, J/C
Resistance R Ohm Voltage/current, V/A
Conductance G Siemens Current/voltage, A/V
Inductance L Henry Weber/current, Wb/A
Capacitance C Farad Charge/voltage, C/V
Frequency f Hertz 1/time, 1/s

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Prefixes

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 Current and Voltage

 Rate of flow of  Energy transferred

charge through per unit charge
circuit element between 2 points
 UnitAmpere(A) in a circuit
C/s  UnitVolt
(V)J/C

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 Resistivity

 Resistivity vs resistance…???
 Resistivity - quantifies how strongly a given material
opposes the flow of electric current. A low resistivity
indicates a material that readily allows the movement of
electric charge.
 Resistance - opposition to the passage of an electric current
through a conductor.
 Resistivity vs conductivity…???
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 Ohm’s Law
Georg Simon Ohm (1789-1854)

 The German scientist Georg Simon Ohm (1827) discovered that in

any conductor, electrons encounter a resistance whilst flowing
through a circuit. He proved experimentally that the current in a
metallic conductor is directly proportional to the voltage between
its ends.
 Ohm's Law defines the relationships between (V) voltage, (I)
current, and (R) resistance.
 One ohm is the resistance value through which one volt will
maintain a current of one ampere.
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 Ohm’s Law

V=I.R
I=V/R

R=V/I

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 Example 1

9V battery supplies power to a cordless curling iron with

a resistance of 18 ohms. How much current is flowing
through the curling iron?

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 Example 2

A 110 volt wall outlet supplies power to a strobe light

with a resistance of 2200 ohms. How much current is
flowing through the strobe light?

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 Example 3

A CD player with a resistance of 40 ohms has a current

of 0.1 amps flowing through it. Sketch the circuit
diagram and calculate how many volts supply the CD
player?

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 Power in an Electric Circuit

 Power is a measure of how much work can be performed in a

given amount of time
 In electric circuit, power is a function of both voltage and
current
 Electrical power is a product of both voltage and current, not
either one separately
 P=I.V=I2R=V2/R
(I=current, V=voltage, R=resistance)
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 Example 4

By referring to the figure, calculate current (I) and

power (P) for a given R=1kΩ and V=10V

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 Example 5

By referring to the same figure, calculate resistance(R)

and voltage (V) for a given I=3A and P=72W

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 Active Elements
 Electrical elements that act as energy source to other element in
electric circuit
 The flow of current is from -ve active terminal to +ve terminal in
same element
 Current flow is same as voltage flow
 Example: voltage source, transistor, amplifier

I I
A ACTIVE ELEMENT B
+ _
v
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 Passive Elements
 Element that receive or store energy
 The flow of current is from +ve passive terminal to -ve
terminal in same element
 Current flow is oppose voltage flow
 Example: resistor (R), inductor (L), capacitor (C)
I I
A PASSIVE ELEMENT B
_
+ v
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 Example 6

 Voltage source, V is active

element since flow of current
is from -ve to +ve terminal of
voltage source, it acts as
energy source in circuit

 Resistor, R is passive element

since flow of current is from
+ve to -ve terminal of resistor,
it acts as energy receiver in Which is which?
circuit 21
 Conclusion

 Measurement and units of electricity?

 Resistivity?
 Ohm’s law?
 Power
 Active/Passive Elements

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Past Years Questions

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Past Years Questions

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