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Vertebrates
Vertebrates
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VERTEBRATES
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Is an animal with a spinal cord surrounded
by cartilage or bone. The word comes from
vertebrae, the bones that make up the spine.
The presence of the vertebral column, or
backbone, is the unifying characteristics
among vertibrates.
Include birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles,
and mammals.
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Homo sapiens
Thescientific name of
human species.
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FIVE GROUPS OF
VERTEBRATES
Fishes Birds
Amphibians Mammals
Reptiles
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Give five
examples of
fish.
Fishes
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Are vertebrates that live in water.
They have a body shape adapted for living and moving in aquatic
habitats.
Theirbodies are protected with scales. Their tail fin is used for
locomotion while their other fins are used for steering and
maintaining balance. They breathe through their gills.
They mostly undergo external fertilization.
Fishes have many smaller
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groups or classes
Class Agnatha
Class Chondrichthyes
Class Osteichthyes
Class Agnatha
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It includes the lampreys and hagfish.
They are known as the jawless fishes. Their mouths are
equipped with sharp teeth that enable them to cling and
attach to other fish.
Class Chondrichthyes
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Includes sharks, rays, and skates.
It is also known as cartilaginous fishes.
Their skeleton is made of cartilage instead of
bones. They are mostly found in warm, tropical
seas.
Class Osteichthyes
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Thelarge group of fishes. Also known as bony
skeleton.
They are the most diverse of the fish groups.
Mostof the fishes you know belongs to this
group, such as milk fish, tilapia, and salmon.
Theyhave a gas-filled sac, known as a swim
bladder, which helps them maintain balance.
Amphibians
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Class Amphibia.
The word Amphibia means “double lives” and refers to the
Amphibians’ ability to live both on land and water.
They are also cold-blooded animals. They rely on their
surroundings to maintain their body temperature.
They feed on insects, worms, and other animals.
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Give two
examples of
Amphibian.
Reptiles
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Class Reptilia.
They are considered to be more sophisticated than fish and
amphibians.
They are cold-blooded animals. They can also live in water and
land, although they are more adapted and can live on land for
extended periods of time.
Their body is covered with dry skin and hard scales.
Their eggs have leathery shells that make them adapted for
developing on land.
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Give three
examples of
Reptiles.
Birds
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Belongs to Class Aves.
Are warm-blooded animals.
They are able to regulate their body’s temperature. They remain active in cold
and warm climates.
They have an efficient respiratory system that includes air sacs, which gives
them a unique mechanism of breathings.
Birds have very light bodies, which consist of hollow bones.
They also possess flight feathers, found in their wings and tails, which are
arranged in a way that help them carry and lift their bodies up in the air.
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Give five
examples of
Birds.
Mammals
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Belongs to Class Mammalia.
The term mammals came from the Greek word mamma which means “breast”.
They are only group of animals with mammary glands, which produced milk
to nourish their young.
All mammals are warm-blooded. They are able to self-regulate their internal
temperature.
Their bodies are covered in fur or hair that serves as protection.
They have more developed organ systems, too.
For most mammals, the young develops inside the female’s body.
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Give five
examples of
mammals.
Placental mammals
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The most common type of mammals.
Theiryoung develops inside their uterus,
enclosed in placenta that gives them
nourishment. After a certain time, they are
born alive.
Monotremes
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They are egg-laying mammals.
Theyshare more characteristics with reptiles
than mammals.
Example:
Spiny anteater
Duck-billed platypus
Marsupials
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Theykeep their young in pouches as they continue to
develop and grow. While in the pouch, the young
suckles on the mother’s milk nourishment.
Example:
Koalas
Kangaroos
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