Objectives

The Learners should be able to:

1. Understand how evolution is
being studied from the fossil
record and molecular data.
2. Simulate how scientist study
evolution thru various ways.
3. Give the importance of
understanding the origin of life.
 SOURCES OF
EVIDENCE FOR
EVOLUTION
Evidence from
Fossil Records
 Fossils - preserved
remains or traces of
ancient organisms.
 Bones, shells,
feathers, leaves,
skin imprints, or
petrified wood;
footprints, nests, or
burrows.
 They are not the organism
itself, but rocks.
 They have been buried for a
long time, often millions of
years.
• Paleontologist is a person
who studies fossils.
Imprints are
shallow external
molds left by
animal or plant
tissues.
Compression is
the other side
with more
organic material.
Relative dating is a method used
to determine the age of the rocks
by comparing them with the rocks
in the other layer
Fossils found in the bottom layer
are much older than those found
in upper layer of rocks.
• Carbon dating is used to tell the
age of organic materials.
• All alive organisms have
decaying carbon-14 which
constantly replenish.
• When an organism dies, carbon-
14 starts to decay at rate of
50% per 5730 years.
CARBON 14 YEARS
1000 Time of death
500 5730
250 11460
125 17,200
62.5 22,920
31.25 28,650
15.625 34,380
QUESTION
 The half life of C-14 is
5730 years. One gram
sample of carbon from
fresh peat is measured for
radioactivity of 900 beta
decays every hour.
1. If 450 beta decays are
observed every hour,
how many half-lives of
c-14 have passed since
the deposit was formed?
a. 1 b. 450 c. ½ d. 2
2. How old is the peat
in years?
a. 11460
b. 5280
c. 2865
d. d.5730
3. Another one-gram sample
is obtained from a different
peat deposit. If 28 beta
decays are measured every
hour, about how old is the
sample?
a. 160440 b. 28650
c. 5702 d. 1835
Geologic Time Scale
- representation of
time based on the
rock record of Earth.
Era is the largest
division of Geologic
Time Scale Each Era is
further divided into
Period.
 Hint of
Evolution from
Comparative
Anatomy
 Structures from different
species which have similar
framework but different
function are considered to
be homologous.
Front limbs of man, cat,
horse, bat, whales, and
other mammals are made
up of same kinds of bones,
they just vary only in size
and function differently
Divergent evolution -
Common ancestor but
looks/functions differently
 Structures from different
species which have different
framework but similar
function are considered to
be analogous.
Convergent Evolution -
Different ancestor but looks
and functions the same
Evidence from
Embryonic
Development
Evidence from
Amino Acid
Sequence
Evidence of Evolution
• Fossil Fuels
(Fossils and carbon dating)
• Anatomy
(Divergent and Convergent)
• Embryology
• Amino Acids
Quiz
Modified TRUE or FALSE

If TRUE, write TRUE

If FALSE,
Write F- wrong word – correct answer
Ex: Dog is a plant
Ans: F - Plant - Animal
1. Imprints are
shallow external
molds left by
animal or plant
tissues.
2.The half-life of
carbon-14 is 1000
years.
3. Paleozoic is the
era of mass
extinction.
4. Paleontologist
compare the anatomy,
embryos, and DNA of
organism to
understand how they
evolved.
5. The greater the
similarity in amino acid
sequence, the farther
the relationship of the
organisms