Slide contents:
 What are drugs
 How drug get into the body
 What is drug misuse
 How drug misuse can occurs
 What is drug abuse
 Drug addiction
 Characterstics of drug
addiction
 Common drug abuse and
misuse
 Classification of addictive
drugs
 10 most commonly abbuse
drugs
 Organizations that have
vested in drug control
 Treatment
 Treatment therapy of drug
abuse and misuse
 Role and services of
 What are Drugs?
“A drug is a chemical substance of known
structure, other than a nutrient of an essential
dietary ingredient, which, when administered
to a living organism, produces a biological
effect”.
 How Do Drugs Get In The Body?
1. INJECTED drugs go directly into the
bloodstream.
2. When a drug is taken ORALLY it is often
absorbed into the bloodstream through the
STOMACH lining.
3. A drug INTERACTION occurs when a second
drug is also introduced into the body.
 What is Drug Misuse
“ The inappropriate use of the drug for the
purpose it was not intended is known as
Drug misusedrug
is a misuse”
term used commonly
when prescription medication
with sedative, anxiolytic,  analgesic, or
Stimulant properties are used for mood alteration or
intoxication.
 How Drug misuse can occur?
1) Someone who has a prescription for
pain or anxiety medication, and they take
a different amount than what is
prescribed by their doctor.
For example, taking 2 pills instead of just
1 or taking twice the daily amount in a
single day.
 How Drug misuse can occur?
2) People who are tak
ing drugs and engagin
in activities that are no g
t advisable, such as
someone who takes he
avy medication and
then is driving a car, a
gain…against the
warning labels.

3) Using drugs that have

expired.
 How Drug misuse can occur?
4) Someone who does not have a
prescription for a drug at all, but is using it
anyway, bought off the street or received
from a friend or a family member.
. 5) Someone who is not
o ld e n o u g h t o u
drug alcohol, but is us
ing it anyway or
drinking alcohol while
taking prescript
medications.
 What is Drug abuse?
Drug abuse is an extreme desire to obtain, and
use, increasing amounts of one or more
substances. Drug abuse is a generic term for the
abuse of any drug, including alcohol and
cigarettes.
 What is Drug abuse?
It mostly has to do with the individual’s intentions.
For example, let’s say that a person knows that he
will get a pleasant or euphoric feeling by taking the
drug, at higher doses than prescribed. That is an
example of DRUG ABUSE because the person is
specifically looking for that euphoric response.
Drug abuse can leads to
Drug addiction
 What is Drug Addiction
“Addiction is defined as a chronic, degenerating
disorder characterized by uncontrollable drug
seeking and use despite adverse consequences”
 What is Drug Addiction
It is considered a brain disorder, because it involves
functional changes to brain circuits involved in
reward, stress, and self-control.
 Characteristics of drug addiction
oWhen a person does not use drugs then also he or
she experiences withdrawal symptoms.
o After taking a repeated step of not using drug
but is unable to stop.
o Large and even dangerous amount of drugs are
consumed.
 Characteristics of drug addiction
oLoss of interest in old activities, work,
friends, and other pursuits.
oThere are various signs of addiction like
craving of drug, inability to stop, unwillingness
to discuss etc.
 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN DRUG ABUSE
AND
We can say that drugADDICTION?
abuse and addiction is the
idea of tolerance. For the sake of pleasure a person
starts using drug isn't it and for more pleasure he or
she takes high dose because taking same amount of
drug don't produce desired effects. This is nothing
but tolerance.
Therefore, tolerance creation depends upon the
amount of drug used and the frequency with which
it is used. So, drug tolerance can be psychological
 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN DRUG ABUSE
The basic AND
differeADDICTION?
nce between drug abu
and addiction that is d se
rug abuse is taking
larger doses than wer
e prescribed and
addiction develops ov
er time when user
refuses to quit the dru
g and experiences
negative consequence
s. Therefore, Drug
abuse is a serious pub
lic health problem
that affects alm
 Classification of Addictive Drugs
7
5 6
4
1
2 3

Other drugs of
abuse
Volatile Solvents Cannabis

Hallucinogen Depressants

Narcotic Analgesics
Stimulants
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 Long term Short term
1. STIMULANTS
Drugs which excite or speed up the CNS and
effects effects
produce an increase in alertness and activity. Chronic Increased
sleep wakefulnes
problem s

TYPES AND MODE OF INTAKE Mood suppresse

swings d appetite
Amphetamines-Oral Cocaine-Snorted
Rapid and
irregular Tolerance
heartbeat and
dependenc
e develops
 2. NARCOTIC ANALGESICS
Pain killing or Pain relieving drugs with opium like effects.
LONG TERM
EFFECTS
MODE OF INTAKE
Codeine- Heroin-
Opium-Oral, Morphine-
Oral (tablets Injection, Mood instability
Inhalation Injection and cough syrup) Inhalation
Physical
deterioration
SHORT TERM
EFFECTS Tolerance
and
Feelings of hunger and pain dependence
are not felt develops
Over dose of heroin can cause
come and even death
 3.
Drugs which calm the nerves or slow
DEPRESSANTS
down the functions of central nervous Short term Long term
system. effects effects
Relief from
Depression and
anxiety and
TYPES AND MODE OF INTAKE chronic fatigue
tension
Sedative, Hypnotics, Barbiturates, Slurred speech
Chronic sleep
Benzodiazepines(Oral tablets), Alcohol and Blurred
problems
vision
Impaired Poor memory and
concentration judgement

Cross tolerance can

develop.
Physical and
psychological
dependence develop
 Short
term
effects
These are drugs4.which
HALLUCINOGENS
affect perception, emotions and Distortion of
the sense of
mental processes and self-awareness. direction.
Pseudo’
hallucinati
TYPE AND MODE OF INTAKE ons
LSD-Lysergic
acid Mescaline(Oral Psilocybin(smoke Long
diethylamide(Oral tablets) d) term Flash back
tablets) effects or
spontaneo
us
Tolerance develops recurrence
rapidly of an LSD.
Withdrawal Amotivati
symptoms are not onal
reported syndrome
 Drugs Short Long
from term term
cannabi
s plant 5. CANNABIS
Ganja/
effects effects
Hashish Hashish Sense of smell, In women
come Marijua Bhang
/Charas oil touch and Taste abusers, fetal
under na
this are often damage can
categor enhanced occur
y Reddenin
MODE OF INTAKE Sterility
g of eyes
Smoking

Tolerance
and
psychologic
al
dependence
develop.
 Drugs6.under
VOLATILE SOLVENTS
this category are volatile
hydrocarbons, petroleum derivatives.

TYPE AND MODE OF INTAKE

Glue and solvents like varnish and samad
bond, Eraser fluids and petrol through
sniffing.
Short- • Clouded thinking
term • Slurred speech
effects • Sudden death

• Permanent brain
Long-term damage
effects • Liver, kidney and
heart damage
 7. OTHER DRUGS OF ABUSE
Medically used drugs that do not fall into any of the above categories.

Anabolic MODE OF INTAKE

Steroids Anti-
histamines These drugs are taken orally as tablets or
Anti-
depressan used in the form of injections. The effects
ts/anti- Anti- and subsequent dependence and withdrawal
psychotics emetics symptoms vary.
Muscle
Pain relaxants
killers

Inhalants
 OVER-THE-COUNTER
DRUGS
COMMON They can be purchased
ABUSED & without a prescription
which have been safe and
MISUSED effective for use they
DRUGS include Tylenol, Alieve.
EXAMPLES We normally see them in
our local community
store e.g., OxyCotin,
Vicodin
 PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
Prescription drug is a pharmaceutical
drug that legally requires a medical
prescription to be dispensed. They are
obtained only with a prescription
from a licensed practitioner such as
painkillers and other medicines that
can be bought from supermarkets and
other retailers such as cough mixtures
or herbal remedies.
 HERBAL PREPARATIONS
Basically include herbs and teas
and other botanical products that
are used to help you relax.
 Psychoactive drugs
Psychoactive drugs affect the brain
functioning, causing changes in behavior,
perception, mood and consciousness.
RECREATIONAL DRUGS
A drug taken for pleasure rather than
for medical reasons or because of
an addiction Normally used to help
people relax and socialize even though
they are Psychoactive. They include
Alcohol, Tobacco and caffeine products.
 CLUB DRUGS
Club drugs are group of
psychoactive drugs. Usually
illegal, that are used by
participants of the rave and
dance club and
recreational drug subculture
e.g., MDMA (Methylene-di-
oxy -meth-amphetamine),
Flunitrazepam and LSD.
 ILLICIT DRUGS
The most notorious type
of drugs (well known for
an undesirable trait or for
any particular trait) and
they have laws and
government for their
distribution. All of these
include psychoactive
drugs. Cannabis, the most
 10 MOST
COMMONLY
ABUSED DRUGS
The rankings are based on how
commonly they are used for Zoloft
(aka
recreational purposes and how Sertraline)
Soma
dangerous they are.
(aka
Ambien Carisprodol
Xanax (aka )
(aka Zolpidem)
Codeine Alprazolam)
Adderall

Dilaudid Fentanyl
(aka Valium Vicodin
Hydromorp (aka (Combination
hone) daizepam) of
Hydrocodone)
The organizations that have vested
interest in the proper use of drugs
•UNODC
•International Narcotics Control board
( INCB )
•Interpol

•Drug enforcement Agency (US)

•ANF, represent Pakistan in International

conferences and seminar and workshops as
lead Anti-narcotics agency.
•Serious Organized Crime Agency (UK )
 " F D A stands for Food And Drug
Administration. The Food and Drug

What Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a

federal agency of the United States
Department of Health and Human
is Services, one of the United States federal
executive departments."
FDA
 Involvement Aims and
F D A is also the Responsibilities
part of the wider The FDA is
responsible for
national involving
protecting and
other government promoting public
agencies health through the
pharmaceutical control and
industries , medical supervision of food
organization and safety, tobacco
community groups products, dietary
and other entities . supplements,
 DRAP is
continuously
What improving,
facilitating and
is enforcing
compliance in the
DRAP field of drug
biologics devices ,
alternate medicines
 The (UNODC) is a
global leader in the
UNODC fight against illicit
(United drugs and
international crime, in
Nations
addition to being
Office On responsible for
Drugs and implementing the
Crimes) United Nations lead
programme on
 ANF being 1- The supply
the lead reduction strategy
ANF includes limiting
agency to
(Anti control and
the smuggling and
strict control on
Narcotic eradicate movement of
drugs from the
Force) country has
precursors
chemicals through
there fold an elaborated
strategies precursors control
regime.
 2 - The demand
reduction strategy 3 - International
includes reducing cooperation
the demands of strategy includes
illicit drugs through enhancing
awareness programs international
, preventive cooperation in the
education , fight against
treatment and drugs.
rehabilitation
 Treatment
 Treatment of substance abusers
depend upon the severity and nature of
the addiction, motivation, and the Multidimensiona
l approach for
availability of service. addiction
 Pharmacological treatment treatment
 Fighting substance abuse • Support Group
• Counseling
 Reduction of demand for drugs • Tanning
 Legalization and decriminalization • Medication
 Treatment of Drug Abuse
Effective Therapies for drug abuse and alcohol
CBT (Alcoholaddiction
, Marijuana, Nicotine)
Community Reinforcement
Approach (Alcohol, Cocaine)
Motivational Enhancement Therapy
(Alcohol , Marijuana ,
Behavioral couple therapy
Multidimensional Family Therapy
 CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)
CBT Therapy are use to help addicted individual learn
to identify problematic behaviors by applying a range
of different skill that can be used to stop drug abuse.
It is also used to strengthen self control in the
individual .
 MET (Motivational Enhancement
Therapy )
MET is a counseling approach The main aims to
that help individual resolve internally motivated
their ambivalences (state of change and guide the
mixed feelings) and stopping patient stepwise through
their drug use. recovery process.
 CRA (Community Reinforcement
Approach)
CRA Therapy consist for intensive 24 weeks for
outpatient therapy for treatment of cocaine and
alcohol.
CRA seeks to treat substance abuse problem
through focusing environmental contingencies
that influence patient behavior.
 BCT
(Behavioral Couple therapy)
 BCT is an approach that can help people in a
relationship with the emotional difficulties
seeking help for alcoholism or drug abuse.
 MDFT
(Multidimensional Family Therapy)
It is outpatient family based alcohol and drugs
abuse treatment for adolescent.
Treatment include individual and family sessions
held in a clinic, at a home , or with family member
or community location .
Services & Role
of Community
Pharmacist
 Many pharmacies offer
addiction management
services, including
providing methadone and
Suboxone therapy.
 Some pharmacies have
developed hotlines to alert
other pharmacies in the
region when a fraudulent
prescription is detected.
 Prescription drug monitoring
programs (PDMPs), which require
physicians and pharmacists to log
each filled prescription into a State
database, can assist medical
professionals in identifying patients
who are getting prescriptions from
multiple sources.
The pharmacist can compile and
maintain information on all
medicines, and particularly on
newly introduced medicines.
Clearly the
goal of
pharmacists is
to steer
patients away
from situations
that lead to
prescription
Prime Minister Imran Khan recently launched ‘Pakistan
Citizen Portal’ on 28 October 2018 with an aim to get
details of all the complaints from all around the country
on what kind of complaints are being filed in. This will
also make it easier for us to punish or reward officials
of the government who are involved in drug abusing