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Chapter 17 Spring 2023
Chapter 17 Spring 2023
• The return on stockholders’ equity is normally higher than the return on total
assets.
• This is because of the effect of leverage.
• Leverage involves using debt to increase the return on an investment.
• For Lincoln Company, the effect of leverage for 20Y6 and for 20Y5 is
computed as follows:
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠
2. 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐿𝑎𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
𝑄𝑢𝑖𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠
3. 𝑄𝑢𝑖𝑐𝑘 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
4. 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 ሺ
𝑛𝑒𝑡 ሻ
6. 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 = 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑇𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑎𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
7. 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑘ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠 ′ 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑐 𝑘ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑠 ′ 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
8. 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒
10. 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑘ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠 ′ 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑐 𝑘ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑠 ′ 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦