GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT

SERVICES
 MEET OUR TEAM

RAMLEE ANI AMANINA A’ I M U L L A H SHAHRIR

President Chief Executive Officer Chief Operations VP Marketing
Officer

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GROUND SUPPORT
EQUIPMENT PROCEDURES

Introduction

List of equipment at airport

- Joint Container Pallet Loader (JCPL)

- Aircraft Refueling Services Procedures

- Lavatory Cleaning Procedures

Summary

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 INTRODUCTION
 Ground Support Equipment (GSE) is the support equipment found at an airport,
usually on the apron, the servicing area by the terminal.​
 This equipment is used to service the aircraft between flights. As the name
suggests, ground support equipment is there to support the operations of aircraft
whilst on the ground. ​
 The role of this equipment generally involves ground power operations, aircraft
mobility, and cargo/passenger loading operations.
 Electric GSE has revolutionized the way ground operations function by providing
cleaner and more energy-efficient technology. Though lead-acid batteries once
predominantly powered GSE, lithium-ion technology is 
gaining traction in the airline industry

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LIST OF
EQUIPMENT AT
AIRPORT
- Non-Motorized equipment
- Motorized equipment
 NON-MOTORIZED
EQUIPMENT
Airport dolly gallery
Dollies are used for the transportation of loose baggage,
oversized bags, mail bags, loose cargo carton boxes, etc.
between the aircraft and the terminal or sorting facility.
Dollies for loose baggage are fitted with a brake system
which blocks the wheels from moving when the
connecting rod is not attached to a tug. Most dollies for
loose baggage are completely enclosed except for the
sides which use plastic curtains to protect items from
weather
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Chocks
Chocks are used to prevent an aircraft
from moving while parked at the gate or
in a hangar. Chocks are placed in the front
('fore') and back ('aft') of the wheels of
landing gear. They are made out of hard
wood or hard rubber.
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 NON-MOTORIZED
EQUIPMENT

Aircraft tripod jack

(J-POD-set for wide-body)
Aircraft service stairs
They are used to support a parked aircraft to prevent
their tail from drooping or even falling to the ground. Aircraft service stairs help the maintenance
When the passengers in the front get off an aircraft,
technician to reach the bottom of aircraft.
the aircraft becomes tail heavy and the tail will
droop. Using the jack is optional but not all aircraft
need it. When needed, they are tugged to the tail and
set up by manpower. Once set up, no supervision to
the jack is needed until the aircraft is ready to leave.

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 MOTORIZED EQUIPMENT

Refuelers
Non-potable water trucks
Lavatory
Ground power units (GPU)
Buses
Belt loaders
Ambulift
Transporters
De/anti-icing vehicles
Passenger boarding steps/sta
Catering vehicle irs

Air start unit Pushback tugs and tractors

Tugs and tractors

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De/anti -icing vehicles
Anti-icing means continuously heating the surface of the UAV, not allowing
any ice to form. De-icing operates in cycles. In de-icing mode, a small,
uncritical, amount of ice is allowed to form before it is removed. This is
done by first melting the ice at the interface of the surface and then
shedding it from the aircraft. The main advantage of anti-icing is that it
generates less aerodynamic disturbances than de-icing. On the other hand,
de-icing requires significantly less energy than anti-icing. Energy-
efficiency is very important for UAV ice protection systems, because the
energy used for ice protection reduces the range and endurance of the UAV.
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Catering vehicle
Catering Trucks are designed to carry and load containers with
airline food for passengers. These Trucks are able to service all
types of planes with access doors threshold mounted at a height
from 2.4 to 6.0 m.
The weight-lifting capacity of these high lifts is 3,000 kg / 4,500
kg. The high lift consists of a scissors lift and a body mounted on
a car chassis.
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 Ambulift Air starti ng unit
Air start unit (ASU) is an important piece of machinery
Ambulift ALS-U is designed to transport
maintained by all airlines and ground handling agencies
passengers with disabilities and their attendants
at an airport in their Ground Support Equipment (GSE)
to and from aircrafts, as well as to assist them
inventory. The unit is made available at the aircraft
with boarding and disembarking.
stand when the boarding is about to complete and Pilots
are getting ready for pushback and subsequent
departure.

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JOINT
CONTAINER
PALLET LOADER
(JCPL)
…
 JCPL
JCPL is an autonomus motorized unit designed to
transfer dead loads from / to the platform of a
transport vehicle such as transporter

•Container loaders, also known as cargo loaders or

"K loaders", are used for the loading and unloading
of containers and pallets into and out of aircraft. ​

•The loader has two platforms which raise

and descend independently. The containers or pallets
on the loader are moved with the help of built-in
rollers or wheels. ​

•There are different container and pallet loaders: 3.5 T,

7 T (standard version, wide-body, universal, high), 14
T and 30 T.

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 The loader must be designed to allow transfer of loads to be effected at a height measured
down the level ground of not more than 500m at the lowest and minimum raised height of
not less than 3607mm to match all aircraft types.
The power system shall be able to transfer loads at a speed of approximately 18m/min.
The use of belting should be avoided.
The loader (unloaded) must be able to traverse at a cruising speed of 15kmph with
steady motion.
In case of breakdowns, there must be facilities for towing by tractor with a draw bar pull of
2000kg. Recessed towing eyes are to be provided at the front and the rear complete with
tow bar to be stowed on the loader.
The loader must have separate platforms – a forward Bridge and an Elevator on the rear.

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 JCPL PROCEDURES

1 AKE from CPT (Transporter) transfer to JCPL

2 Use JCPL for transfer loads from /to the platform aircraft

3 Loading level of the lower deck compartment of wide-bodied

aircraft

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HOW TO USE JCPL (VIDEO)

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AIRCRAFT
REFUELING
SERVICES
- Gravity Refueling
- Pressure Refueling
 METHODS OF REFUELING WHICH ARE
1 - GRAVITY REFUELING
2- PRESSURE REFUELING

Usually, pressure refueling is used when it comes to the refueling of large aircraft
such as Boeing 747 and gravity fueling is used on small aircraft such as Cessna 172.
This article will describe process of pressure refueling and there are several steps and
precautions that must be done by responsible personnel.

DO NOT REFUEL IF
•the aircraft Engines are running.
•if you notice electrical storming.
•if oxygen servicing is being perform in the aircraft.
•if any part of the aircraft is over hot.

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 THE MAIN TYPES OF REFUELING
INFRASTRUCTURES
•Refuel Trucking System: Fuel tanker •Fuel Hydrant System: The airport is fitted with an
that carries several thousand liters of fuel in underground network of fuel supply lines that reach from the
its tank and is fitted with necessary airport fuel farm to aircraft stands/ parking bays on airside
pumping systems to be hooked to an aircraft and that specialized vehicle that connects itself with the
top up its fuel.  ​ underground supply line on one end and the airplane on the
other.

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 MAIN COMPONENTS OF REFUELING

1. Extendable Ground Pipe (for making connection with fuel

hydrant pit).
2. Fuel Hoses (to allow refueling staff to connect fuel hoses with
aircraft fuel receptacle located several feet above the ground).
3. Elevation Platform/Deck (to allow refueling staff to connect
fuel hoses with aircraft fuel receptacle located several feet
above the ground).
4. Fuel Filter (that filters the fuel to remove any impurity that has
entered the fuel in the underground supply lines network).
5. Fuel Sampling System/Fuel Quality Inspection Apparatus (a
special fuel quality test apparatus that allows the refueling staff
to make sure no water content is present in the fuel).
6. Pressure Gauges and Metering Devices (that measure the fuel
passing from the fuel hydrant pit to the aircraft).

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 REFUELING PROCEDURES

Position fuel truck Connect fuel hose Fueling Disconnect fuel hose Clear area

There are several connect the fueling Stop fueling once the Remove the fueling Finally, ensure the fuel
steps of aircraft nozzle grounding desired fuel quantity nozzle grounding does not come in
refueling and it starts cable to the aircraft has been reached. cable from the aircraft contact with skin,
with the grounding of grounding receptacle This can be monitor grounding receptacle, clothes and eyes.
aircraft and the fuel and immediately from the cockpit the fuel tanker from Immediately clean and
tanker. Do not drag remove the filler cap. gauge reading. the aircraft and wash with water and
the hose along the After that, insert the Is not more than grounding cable from special soap if this
leading edge. fuel nozzle into filler 250ib (113.40g) the aircraft as well as happens and also seek
cap and commence from the tanker. for the medical
Once fueling process
fueling which is attention. If there is
is done, install and
carried out by the secure the filler cap. any spillage of fuel on
suction method which the ground, clean the
is provided by the spillage
tanker.

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 REFUELING PROCEDURES (VIDEO)

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LAVATORY
PROCEDURES
- Lavatory Service Unit
- Water Service Unit
 TYPES OF AIRCRAFT LAVATORIES

Modem lavatories are now no longer of the "chemical toilet blue water re-
circulated electric flush" variety. Instead lavatory manufacturers have progressed
to "vacuum flush" technology to eliminate solid and liquid residue from the
basin, patented in 1975.

Some of the advantages of 'vacuum flush technology" systems, from aircraft

designers’ perspective, is the increased safety attributes through less risk of
corrosive waste "spill over" into recesses around the lavatories which can be
difficult to protect. Additionally, "vacuum flush systems" are considered to be
less odor-inducing and substantially lighter which bear substantial fuel savings
by way of reducing the need to carry excessive "blue re-circulating water" as in
the past.

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 Lavatory Service Unit
The lavatory service unit is a trailer mounted
unit, capable of emptying the waste-tank on
all commuter and narrow body aircrafts, as
well as medium-sized aircrafts. The main
feature of the vacuum system is to provide
fast and clean emptying of the aircraft toilet
tanks by means of a high velocity airflow.
The unit is built with 3 separate tanks,
waste, water and toilet fluid all produced
in stainless steel. The water tank has a built-
in tank cleaning system.
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Water Service Unit
The water service unit (WSU) is a trailer
mounted unit, capable of providing drinking
water for all commuter and narrow body
aircrafts, as well as medium-sized aircrafts.
The main feature of the system is to provide
fast and clean supply of drinking water.
The WSU is constructed to operate in a cold
weather climate and is supplied with a
stand-by heating system. The water tank has
a built-in tank cleaning system.
 LAVATORY PROCEDURES
Airplane toilets use an active vacuum instead of a passive siphon, and they are therefore called vacuum toilets.
When you flush, it opens a valve in the sewer line, and the vacuum in the line sucks the contents out of the bowl
and into a tank. Because the vacuum does all the work, it takes very little water (or the blue sanitizing liquid
used in airplanes) to clean the bowl for the next person. Most vacuum systems flush with just half a gallon (2
liters) of fluid or less, compared to 1.6 gallons (6 liters) for a water-saving toilet and up to 5 gallons (19 liters)
for an older toilet.

Position lavatory truck Connect hose Vacuum lavatory Disconnect hose Clear area

…. … .. .. ..

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 LAVATORY PROCEDURES (VIDEO)

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 LAVATORY PROCEDURES

20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 29

SUMMARY
Ground Handler
Raya Airways Sdn Bhd
Smooth Route Sdn. Bhd.
Petronas Dagangan Berhad
Aerodarat Services Sdn Bhd

Safety
Follow SOP procedure to
reduce damage and
accidents

Costing
Time and money

20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 30

 THANK YOU
AME Training Academy

www.ameacademy.com

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