Health Issue Empowerment

Course – objective - for

Urinary Tract laypeople to have an
Infection (UTI) understanding of the
– fundamentals and
Fundamentals generalities of
and URINARY TRACT
Generalities INFECTION (UTI) in
In their health
Management management.
 Health Issue Empowerment
Course – objective - for ROJoson PEP Talk
Urinary Tract laypeople to have an
I have a Patient
Infection (UTI) understanding of the Empowerment
– fundamentals and Program in which I
Fundamentals generalities of like to empower the
and URINARY TRACT lay people or
Generalities INFECTION (UTI) in patients to take
control in the
In their health
management of
Management management. their health.
 There are 3 courses
in the PEP Talk.
I completed the Core
Course on October 9,
2021.
 From October 23,
2021 onwards, I have
been tackling Health
Disorder and Health
Issue Courses. This
may take 3 years or
longer.
 My PEP TALK today
Health Issue Empowerment is entitled:
Course – objective - for
Urinary Tract laypeople to have an
Infection (UTI) understanding of the URINARY TRACT
– fundamentals and INFECTION –
Fundamentals generalities of Fundamentals &
and URINARY TRACT Generalities.
Generalities INFECTION (UTI) in
In their health This is part of the
Management management. Health Issue Course.
 Health Issue Definitions of Terms in Title:
Course –
Urinary Tract
Infection (UTI) – Fundamentals – the basic principles;
Fundamentals the foundation; the basis
and Generalities
In Management
Generalities – majority; not all; not
detailed; not specific

Management - medical management

 Health Issue Contents of URINARY TRACT INFECTION –
Course – Fundamentals & Generalities
Urinary Tract • What is URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI)?
• What causes UTI?
Infection (UTI) – • What are the preventive measures of UTI?
Fundamentals • What are the symptoms and signs of UTI?
and Generalities • What are the usual diagnostic tests for UTI?
In Management • How to interpret the usual diagnostic tests for UTI?
• How to collect urine to prevent contamination result in
urinalysis and urine culture?
• What is asymptomatic bacteriuria? How to manage it?
• How are UTIs being treated? What is the prognosis?
• What are ROJoson’s advocating statements and advice
on UTI?
 Health Issue • What is URINARY TRACT INFECTION?
Course – UTI is a commonly expressed term by both physicians and patients in the
Urinary Tract Philippines to the point that patients know what UTI stand for (urinary
Infection (UTI) – tract infection).
Fundamentals
and Generalities But what exactly does UTI mean?
In Management What exactly is its true significance?
How exactly should it be managed?

A lot of laypeople or laypatients do not know UTI fully, thus resulting in

• Disproportionate anxiety
• Unnecessary or low-value diagnostic tests
• Unnecessary or low-value medications or drug prescriptions
 THUS, THIS PEP TALK!

Health Issue Empowerment My PEP TALK today

Course – objective - for is entitled:
Urinary Tract laypeople to have an
Infection (UTI) understanding of the URINARY TRACT
– fundamentals and INFECTION –
Fundamentals generalities of Fundamentals &
and URINARY TRACT Generalities.
Generalities INFECTION (UTI) in
In their health
Management management. This is part of the
Health Issue Course.
 Health Issue • What is URINARY TRACT INFECTION?
Course – What is UTI?
Urinary Tract Urinary Tract Infection
Infection (UTI) – Infection in the urinary tract
Fundamentals
and Generalities What is the urinary tract?
In Management A tract or passage way starting from where urine
is formed (KIDNEY) to the renal pelvis, ureter,
urinary bladder and urethra and then to outside
world.
 Health Issue • What is URINARY TRACT INFECTION?
Course – What is UTI?
Urinary Tract Urinary Tract Infection
Infection (UTI) –
Fundamentals Infection in the urinary tract
and Generalities - Renal or kidney pelvis – pyelonephritis
In Management - Ureter – ureteritis (rare)
- Urinary bladder – cystitis (most common)
- Urethra – urethritis
 Health Issue • What are the causes of URINARY TRACT INFECTION?
Course – UTI is usually a bacterial infection.
Urinary Tract
Infection (UTI) – UTI is usually caused by an ascending infection of
Fundamentals the urinary tract from the urethra to the urinary
and Generalities bladder upwards to the kidney.
In Management
Sometimes, blood-borne infection can cause UTI
– particularly pyelonephritis.
 Health Issue • What are the causes of URINARY TRACT INFECTION?
Course – More than 90% of bladder infection (cystitis)
Urinary Tract cases are caused by E. coli, a bacterium normally
Infection (UTI) – found in the intestines.
Fundamentals
and Generalities
In Management
 Health Issue • What are the causes of URINARY TRACT INFECTION?
Course – Risk Factors
Urinary Tract
Infection (UTI) – BEING A FEMALE.
Fundamentals
and Generalities FEMALE ANATOMY. A woman has a shorter
In Management urethra than a man does, which shortens the
distance that bacteria must travel to reach the
bladder.
 Health Issue • What are the causes of URINARY TRACT INFECTION?
Course – Risk Factors
Urinary Tract
Infection (UTI) – SEXUAL ACTIVITY. Sexually active women tend to
Fundamentals have more UTIs than do women who aren't
and Generalities sexually active.
In Management
CERTAIN TYPES OF BIRTH CONTROL. Women who
use diaphragms for birth control may be at
higher risk, as well as women who use
spermicidal agents.
 Health Issue • What are the causes of URINARY TRACT INFECTION?
Course – Risk Factors
Urinary Tract
Infection (UTI) – MENOPAUSE. After menopause, a decline in
Fundamentals circulating estrogen causes changes in the
and Generalities urinary tract that make you more vulnerable to
In Management infection.
 Health Issue • What are the causes of URINARY TRACT INFECTION?
Course – Risk Factors
Urinary Tract
Infection (UTI) – Others:
Fundamentals • Urinary tract abnormalities 
and Generalities • Blockages in the urinary tract
In Management • A suppressed immune system
• Catheter use
 Health Issue • What are the preventive measures of URINARY TRACT
INFECTION?
Course –
Urinary Tract
Preventive measures of UTI
Infection (UTI) –
Fundamentals
DRINK PLENTY OF LIQUIDS, ESPECIALLY
and Generalities
WATER. Drinking water helps dilute your urine
In Management
and ensures that you'll urinate more frequently
— allowing bacteria to be flushed from your
urinary tract before an infection can begin.
 Health Issue • What are the preventive measures of URINARY TRACT
INFECTION?
Course –
Urinary Tract
Preventive measures of UTI
Infection (UTI) –
Fundamentals
Empty bladder as soon as there is an urge to
and Generalities
urinate, even if it does not feel full.
In Management
 Health Issue • What are the preventive measures of URINARY TRACT
INFECTION?
Course –
Urinary Tract
Preventive measures of UTI
Infection (UTI) –
Fundamentals
PRACTICE GOOD HYGIENE.
and Generalities
In Management
For females
WIPE FROM FRONT TO BACK. Doing so after
urinating and after a bowel movement helps
prevent bacteria in the anal region from
spreading to the vagina and urethra.
 Health Issue • What are the preventive measures of URINARY TRACT
INFECTION?
Course –
Urinary Tract
Preventive measures of UTI
Infection (UTI) –
Fundamentals
EMPTY YOUR BLADDER SOON AFTER SEXUAL
and Generalities
INTERCOURSE. Also, drink a full glass of water to
In Management
help flush bacteria.

AVOID POTENTIALLY IRRITATING FEMININE

PRODUCTS. Using deodorant sprays or other
feminine products, such as douches and powders,
in the genital area can irritate the urethra.
 Health Issue • What are the preventive measures of URINARY TRACT
INFECTION?
Course –
Urinary Tract
Preventive measures of UTI
Infection (UTI) –
Fundamentals
CHANGE YOUR BIRTH CONTROL
and Generalities
METHOD. Diaphragms, or unlubricated or
In Management
spermicide-treated condoms, can all contribute
to bacterial growth.
 Health Issue • What are the symptoms and signs of URINARY TRACT
INFECTION?
Course –
Urinary Tract Symptoms and Signs
Infection (UTI) –
Fundamentals Urethritis – burning sensation on urination;
and Generalities discharge
In Management
Cystitis – lower abdominal discomfort; frequent
painful urination; at times, cloudy or bloody urine

Pyelonephritis – flank pain; fever; frequent

painful urination; at times, cloudy or bloody urine
 Health Issue • What are the usual diagnostic tests for URINARY TRACT
INFECTION?
Course –
Urinary Tract Diagnostic Tests
Infection (UTI) –
Fundamentals • URINALYSIS
and Generalities
In Management • URINE CULTURE
 Health Issue • What are the usual diagnostic tests for URINARY TRACT Risk for doing
INFECTION? screening left and
Course –
Urinary Tract Diagnostic Tests for UTI (Indications): right may lead to
Infection (UTI) – • Screening in patients with high risk for UTI / overdiagnosis;
Fundamentals other diseases that can be detected in urine unnecessary further
and Generalities examination tests; and
In Management • Diagnosis in those with symptoms and signs of unnecessary
UTI (to firm up diagnosis and then to monitor treatment
treatment) (unnecessary
• Monitoring treatment for
asymptomatic
bacteriuria and
misuse of
antibiotics).
 Health Issue • What are the usual diagnostic tests for URINARY TRACT When to do
INFECTION? urinalysis?
Course –
Urinary Tract - Screening for high-
Diagnostic Tests
Infection (UTI) – risk patients
Fundamentals • URINALYSIS - Firming up
and Generalities suspicion of UTI
In Management This test will examine the urine for red blood (definitive
cells, white blood cells and bacteria. The number diagnosis)
- Monitoring after
of white and red blood cells found in your urine
can actually indicate an infection. initiation of
treatment
 Health Issue • What are the usual diagnostic tests for URINARY TRACT A urinalysis can do
INFECTION? other tests aside
Course –
Urinary Tract Diagnostic Tests from looking for
Infection (UTI) – • URINALYSIS urinary tract
Fundamentals infection.
and Generalities • A urinalysis (also known as a urine test) is a
In Management test that examines the visual, chemical and Kidney disease –
microscopic aspects of your urine (pee). proteinuria (protein
in urine)
•Color and appearance
•Chemical findings Diabetes – glycosuria
•Microscopic findings (sugar in urine)
 Health Issue • What are the usual diagnostic tests for URINARY TRACT When to do urine
INFECTION? culture?
Course –
Urinary Tract • When there is a need
Diagnostic Tests to identify the specific
Infection (UTI) – type of bacteria in the
Fundamentals • URINE CULTURE (with sensitivity tests) urine (a reason could
and Generalities A urine culture is used to determine the type of be not responding to
In Management bacteria in your urine. This is an important test empiric antibiotic
treatment).
because it helps determine the appropriate • When there is a need
treatment. to determine what
antibiotics to be used.
CULTURE - Lab will grow the germs in a dish for a
couple of days to find out which type of bacteria
is present. 
 Health Issue • What are the usual diagnostic tests for URINARY TRACT
INFECTION?
Course –
Urinary Tract Diagnostic Tests (Others)
Infection (UTI) –
Fundamentals If infection does not respond to treatment or if it
and Generalities keeps on recurring, the following may be done to
In Management investigate:

• Ultrasound
• Cystoscopy – scope to see inside the bladder
from the urethra.
• CT Scan
 Health Issue • What are the usual diagnostic tests for URINARY TRACT
INFECTION?
Course –
Urinary Tract How to interpret urinalysis in UTI
Infection (UTI) –
Fundamentals Pyuria, hematuria and bacteriuria in properly
and Generalities obtained urine are classic findings for UTI.
In Management However, not all UTIs have detectable pyuria,
hematuria, or bacteriuria.

• Pyuria – abnormal amount of WBC

• Hematuria – abnormal amount of RBC
• Bacteriuria – presence of bacteria
 Health Issue • What are the usual diagnostic tests for URINARY TRACT
INFECTION?
Course –
Urinary Tract How to interpret urinalysis in UTI Look also at the
Infection (UTI) –
laboratory reference
Fundamentals WBC - The number of WBCs considered normal is range.
and Generalities typically 2-5 WBCs/hpf or less.
In Management
Correlate clinically –
RBC - Normally, less than 2 RBCs/hpf are whether there are
observed. symptoms of UTI or
not.
 Health Issue • What are the usual diagnostic tests for URINARY TRACT
INFECTION?
Course –
Urinary Tract How to interpret urinalysis in UTI
Look also at the
Infection (UTI) –
Bacteria in urine (Bacteriuria) laboratory reference
Fundamentals
Bacteria in the urine sediment are generally due range.
and Generalities
In Management to infection or contamination.
Normally no bacteria should be seen in the Correlate clinically –
urinary sediment. whether there are
However, given the abundance of normal microbial flora in symptoms of UTI or
the vagina and/or external urethral meatus, this is not an not.
unusual finding. In addition, bacteria multiply rapidly if the
urine specimen is left standing for too long in room
temperature.
 Health Issue • What are the usual diagnostic tests for URINARY TRACT
INFECTION?
Course –
Urinary Tract How to interpret urine culture in UTI
Infection (UTI) –
Fundamentals If bacteriuria is found and a UTI is suspected, a
and Generalities urine culture with sensitivities is recommended.
In Management
Generally, 100,000/mL or more of a single
organism reflects significant bacteriuria.

The presence of multiple organisms, especially at

less than 100,000/mL, typically suggests
polymicrobial contamination. 
 Health Issue • How to collect urine to prevent contamination result in
urinalysis and urine culture?
Course –
Urinary Tract Methods of urine collection to prevent
Infection (UTI) – contamination:
Fundamentals
and Generalities • Clean-catch collection
In Management • Catheterization
• Suprapubic tap
 Health Issue • How to collect urine to prevent contamination result in
urinalysis and urine culture?
Course –
Urinary Tract Clean-catch collection
Infection (UTI) – • Meaning catching the midstream of urine flow
Fundamentals to avoid contaminated result.
and Generalities
In Management • It’s important to wash your hands with soap
and water before you collect the sample.

• Then, collect the sample as instructed.

 Health Issue • How to collect urine to prevent contamination result in
urinalysis and urine culture?
Course –
Urinary Tract Clean-catch collection
Infection (UTI) – Collecting a clean catch urine sample if you have labia
•Start by sitting on the toilet with your legs spread apart.
Fundamentals •Using two fingers, spread your labia open. Then, use one sterile wipe to clean the
and Generalities inner folds of your labia, wiping from front to back.
In Management •Use another sterile wipe to clean over your urethra, the opening where urine flows out
of your body.
•Urinate a small amount into the toilet.
•Stop the flow of urine, and hold the specimen cup a few inches away from your
urethra.
•Urinate into the cup, filling it about half full or however full your provider instructed
you to.
•Finish urinating into the toilet.
 Health Issue • How to collect urine to prevent contamination result in
urinalysis and urine culture?
Course –
Urinary Tract Clean-catch collection
Infection (UTI) – Collecting a clean catch urine sample if you have a penis
Fundamentals •Use a sterile wipe to clean the head of your penis. If your penis is
and Generalities uncircumcised, first pull back your foreskin to ensure a thorough
In Management cleaning.
•Urinate a small amount into the toilet.
•Stop the flow of urine, and hold the specimen cup a few inches from
your urethra, the opening where urine flows out of your penis.
•Fill your specimen cup about half full or however full your provider
instructed you to.
•Finish urinating into the toilet.
 Health Issue • How to collect urine to prevent contamination result in
Helth Issue
Course –
urinalysis and urine culture?
CourseTract
Urinary –
Urinary (UTI)
Tract – The urine specimen must be analyzed within 30-
Infection 60 minutes after the patient voids to avoid
Infection (UTI) –
Fundamentals
Fundamentals erroneous or confusing results.
and Generalities
and Generalities
In Management
 Health Issue • What is asymptomatic bacteriuria? One has to differentiate
asymptomatic bacteriuria
Course –
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) refers from contaminated
Urinary Tract bacteriuria.
to isolation or detection of bacteria in an
Infection (UTI) –
appropriately collected urine specimen from an
Fundamentals Asymptomatic bacteriuria
individual without symptoms of urinary tract = true bacteriuria.
and Generalities
infection (UTI).
In Management Contaminated bacteriuria
= false positive bacteriuria
brought about by
contamination.
 Health Issue • What is asymptomatic bacteriuria? One has to differentiate
asymptomatic bacteriuria
Course –
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) from contaminated
Urinary Tract bacteriuria.
Infection (UTI) –
Laboratory criteria for the diagnosis of ABU in a
Fundamentals Asymptomatic bacteriuria
midstream clean-catch urine specimen are as = true bacteriuria.
and Generalities
follows:
In Management Contaminated bacteriuria
•For women, 2 consecutive specimens with = false positive bacteriuria
brought about by
isolation of at least 100,000 colony-forming units
contamination.
(cfu) per mL of the same bacterial species

•For men, a single specimen with isolation of at

least 100,000 cfu/mL of a single bacterial species
 Health Issue • What is asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU)?
Course –
The frequency of ABU in different adult
Urinary Tract
populations is as follows:
Infection (UTI) –
Fundamentals •Premenopausal women, 1-5%
and Generalities •Pregnant women, 1.5-9.5%
In Management •Women aged 50-70 years, 2.8-8.6%
•Women aged 70 years or older in the
community, 10.8 -16%
•Men aged 70 years or older in the community,
3.6-19%
•Women with diabetes, 10.8-16%
•Men with diabetes, 0.7-11%
 Health Issue • What is asymptomatic bacteriuria?
Course –
Can you have bacteria in your urine and not have
Urinary Tract
a UTI?
Infection (UTI) –
Fundamentals
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a condition in
and Generalities
which bacteria are present in a noncontaminated
In Management
urine sample collected from a patient without
signs or symptoms related to the urinary tract.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria is not UTI.

 Health Issue • What is asymptomatic bacteriuria?
Course –
Asymptomatic bacteriuria does sometimes go
Urinary Tract
away on its own, but it also often comes back or
Infection (UTI) –
persists.
Fundamentals
and Generalities
For most people, asymptomatic bacteriuria does
In Management
not cause any problems and treatment is not
necessary.

If you do develop a urinary tract infection (with

symptoms), prompt treatment with
antibiotics will almost always take care of it.
 Health Issue • Do you treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly?
Course –
Do you treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly?
Urinary Tract
Infection (UTI) –
Treatment should be administered to patients of
Fundamentals
any age with symptomatic urinary tract infection.
and Generalities
In Management
Many believe, in contrast, that bacteriuria in the
elderly, in the absence of symptoms and/or
obstruction, is benign and should not be treated.
 Health Issue • Do you treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly?
Course –
In most patient populations, treatment of ABU is
Urinary Tract
not clinically beneficial, and consequently,
Infection (UTI) –
screening for ABU is not recommended.  
Fundamentals
and Generalities
The US Preventive Services Task Force advises
In Management
against screening men and nonpregnant women
for asymptomatic bacteriuria; there is adequate
evidence to suggest that screening is ineffective
in improving clinical outcomes.  
An important exception is pregnant women, for
whom ABU carries significant risks and treatment
provides important benefits. 
 Health Issue • How are UTIs being treated?
Course –
Antibiotics are typically used to treat urinary tract
Urinary Tract
infections.
Infection (UTI) – •Amoxicillin
Some commonly used antibiotics can include: •Ceftriaxone 
Fundamentals •Nitrofurantoin •Cephalexin 
and Generalities •Sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) •Ciprofloxacin
In Management •Amoxicillin •Fosfomycin (Monurol)
•Cephalosporins •Levofloxacin 
•Nitrofurantoin 
•Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole •Trimethoprim/
•Doxycycline sulfamethoxazole 
•Quinolones (such as ciprofloxacin
 Health Issue • How are UTIs being treated?
Course –
First-line options are usually selected from
Urinary Tract
nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin and sulfamethoxazole-
Infection (UTI) –
trimethoprim. 
Fundamentals
and Generalities
Amoxicillin/clavulanate and
In Management
certain cephalosporins may be appropriate
options when first-line options cannot be used.
 Health Issue • How are UTIs being treated?
Course –
Side Effects of Antibiotics
Urinary Tract
There are some, as is the case with any medicines
Infection (UTI) –
you take. Some of these include:
Fundamentals •Rash
and Generalities •Diarrhea
In Management •Nausea, vomiting
•Headache
•Tendon or nerve damage

•Fluoroquinolone antibiotics, such as Levofloxacin and

Ciprofloxacin, appear to increase the risk of peripheral
neuropathy by 47%. They also increase risk for tendon
damage.
 Health Issue • How are UTIs being treated?
Course – Severe infections or
“Uncomplicated” UTI means the urinary tract is
Urinary Tract infections of the
normal (but there is infection).
Infection (UTI) – kidney may require
Fundamentals
“Complicated” UTI means there is a disease or
and Generalities • higher dose /
problem with or in the urinary tract. 
In Management dosage of
Complicated UTI requires fixing the disease or antibiotics
problem in the urinary tract and may require • parenteral
higher does of antibiotics. antibiotics
• inpatient
treatment
 p
Health Issue • How are UTIs being treated?
Course –
There are usually many options in the selection of
Urinary Tract
antibiotics. A physician has to use the BRCA in
Infection (UTI) –
the selection of the most cost-effective
Fundamentals
antibiotics.
and Generalities
In Management Antibiotics Benefit Risk Cost Availability
(effective) (side-effects)
Antibiotic1        

Antibiotic2        

Antibiotic3

Antibiotic4
 Health Issue • How are UTIs being treated?
Course – How Long to Take Antibiotics?
Urinary Tract
Infection (UTI) – • Typically, for an uncomplicated infection, take
Fundamentals antibiotics for 2 to 3 days. Some people will
and Generalities need to take these medicines for up to 7 to 10
In Management days. Some, one day (Fosfomycin).
• For a complicated infection, might need to take
antibiotics for 14 days or more.
• If there are still symptoms after completing
antibiotics, if urine tests still show positive
result, antibiotics may be taken for a longer
period of time.
 Health Issue • How are UTIs being treated?
Course – How Long to Take Antibiotics?
Urinary Tract
Infection (UTI) – • If one gets UTIs often, one may need a
Fundamentals prolonged course of antibiotics.
and Generalities • If sex causes UTIs, take a dose of the medicine
In Management right before sex.
 Health Issue • How are UTIs being treated?
Course – Why Should I Take the Full Dose?
Urinary Tract Antibiotics work well against UTIs. You might start to feel
Infection (UTI) – better after being on the medicine for just a few days.
Fundamentals But even so, keep taking your medicine. If you stop your
antibiotics too soon, you won’t kill all the bacteria in your
and Generalities urinary tract.
In Management These germs can become resistant to antibiotics. That
means the meds will no longer kill these bugs in the future.
So if you get another UTI, the medication you take might
not treat it. Take the full course of your medicine to make
sure all the bacteria are dead.
 Health Issue • What is the prognosis of UTI?
Course –
What is the prognosis (outlook) for a person with
Urinary Tract
a urinary tract infection?
Infection (UTI) –
Fundamentals
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) typically respond
and Generalities
very well to treatment.
In Management
If there are frequent UTIs or if symptoms aren’t
improving, antibiotic-resistant infection is to be
considered. These are more complicated
infections to treat and may require intravenous
antibiotics (through an IV) or alternative
treatments.
 Health Issue • Can a UTI heal without antibiotics?
Course –
Sometimes, the body can resolve minor,
Urinary Tract
uncomplicated UTIs on its own, without
Infection (UTI) –
antibiotics. By some estimates, 25–42% of
Fundamentals
uncomplicated UTI infections clear on their own.
and Generalities
In Management
 Health Issue • ROJoson Advocating statements and advice on UTI
Course –
Inappropriate practice around urine testing can
Urinary Tract
contribute to overdiagnosis of urinary tract
Infection (UTI) –
infection (UTI) and overtreatment
Fundamentals
of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) as well as
and Generalities
inappropriate use of antibiotics that can
In Management
contribute to antimicrobial resistance.
 Health Issue • ROJoson Advocating statements and advice on UTI
Course –
Many cases of uncomplicated UTIs will resolve
Urinary Tract
spontaneously, without treatment, but many
Infection (UTI) –
patients seek therapy for symptom relief.
Fundamentals
and Generalities
Treatment is aimed at preventing the spread to
In Management
the kidneys or developing into upper tract
disease/pyelonephritis, which can cause the
destruction of the delicate structures in the
nephrons and eventually lead to hypertension.
 Health Issue • ROJoson Advocating statements and advice on UTI
Course –
The diagnosis of a UTI is made from the clinical
Urinary Tract
history (symptoms) and urinalysis with
Infection (UTI) –
confirmation by a urine culture, but the proper
Fundamentals
collection of the urine sample is important.
and Generalities
In Management
 Health Issue • ROJoson Advocating statements and advice on UTI
Course –
So if a test shows bacteria, does this mean I have
Urinary Tract
a UTI? Not necessarily. Diagnosis of a UTI requires
Infection (UTI) –
both finding bacteria on a urine test and the
Fundamentals
presence of specific symptoms. Having both is
and Generalities
important, because bacteria can and do live
In Management
naturally in the bladder without causing any pain
or symptoms. This is called asymptomatic
bacteriuria, which is present in as many as half of
seniors living in longterm care settings.
 Health Issue • ROJoson Advocating statements and advice on UTI
Course –
If you have UTI, take antibiotics as prescribed by
Urinary Tract
your physician and as instructed on the length of
Infection (UTI) –
intake.
Fundamentals
and Generalities
Help in the prevention of antibiotic resistance.
In Management
 Health Issue • How are UTIs being treated?
Course – Why Should I Take the Full Dose?
Urinary Tract Antibiotics work well against UTIs. You might start to feel
Infection (UTI) – better after being on the medicine for just a few days.
Fundamentals But even so, keep taking your medicine. If you stop your
antibiotics too soon, you won’t kill all the bacteria in your
and Generalities urinary tract.
In Management These germs can become resistant to antibiotics. That
means the meds will no longer kill these bugs in the future.
So if you get another UTI, the medication you take might
not treat it. Take the full course of your medicine to make
sure all the bacteria are dead.
 Health Issue Contents of URINARY TRACT INFECTION – Summary
Course – Fundamentals & Generalities
• What is URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI)?
Take Away
Urinary Tract
• What causes UTI?
Infection (UTI) – • What are the preventive measures of UTI?
Fundamentals • What are the symptoms and signs of UTI?
and Generalities • What are the usual diagnostic tests for UTI?
In Management • How to interpret the usual diagnostic tests for UTI?
• How to collect urine to prevent contamination result in
urinalysis and urine culture?
• What is asymptomatic bacteriuria? How to manage it?
• How are UTIs being treated? What is the prognosis?
• What are ROJoson’s advocating statements and advice
on UTI?
 Health Issue Be always in touch with reliable medical Take Away in
Course – information on URINARY TRACT INFECTION. relation to
Urinary Tract
Patient
Infection (UTI) – Knowledge is power; it gives power.
Fundamentals Empowerment
Use the 4Ks of Patient Empowerment:
and Generalities Kaalaman, Kakayanan, Karapatan and
In Management
Kapangyarihan
to gain greater control over decisions in
medical management of oneself by
knowing the fundamentals and
generalities of URINARY TRACT
INFECTIONS in their health management.
 Health Issue Empowerment
Course – objective - for
Urinary Tract laypeople to have an
Infection (UTI) understanding of the
– fundamentals and
Fundamentals generalities of
and URINARY TRACT
Generalities INFECTION (UTI) in
In their health
Management management.