LINEAR SYSTEMS

MATH 149 - Linear Algebra With

Computer Application
Prepared by:
Teresita P. Liwanag – Zapanta
B.S.C.E., M.S.C.M., M.Ed. (Math-units), Ph.D.T.M. (on-going)
DETERMINANTS
 

 
 
 
 
 ROW TERM # of SIGN PERMUTATION
1 2 3 inversion

123 a11a22a33 0 + a11a22a33

132 a11a23a32 1 - -a11a23a32
Columns
213 a12a21a33 1 - -a12a21a33
231 a12a23a31 2 + +a12a23a31
312 a13a21a32 2 + +a13a21a32
321 a13a22a31 3 - -a13a22a31
Determinants of Order 2 Matrices
 Determinants of Order 3 Matrices
The determinant of an order 3 matrix (3 x 3 matrix)
can be obtained by doing the following steps:
1. Copy the first two columns of the given matrix as
the 4th and 5th columns.
2. Multiply the downward diagonal elements of the
resulting matrix. Find the sum of these three
products.
3. Multiply the upward diagonal elements of the
matrix. Find the sum of these three products.
4. Subtract the result of (2) by the result of (3). This
is the determinant.
 Example
 

|A| = det(A) = (2*0*-2+-1*1*1+2*3*2) –

 
 
  

 
 
 
 
 
12. If is an matrix then the following statements are
equivalent.
a) is invertible.
b) The only solution to the system is the trivial
solution.
c) is the row equivalent to .
d) is expressible as a product of elementary matrices.
e) has exactly one solution for every matrix b.
f) is consistent for every matrix b.