WEATHERING OF

ROCKS AND EROSION

PRESENTED BY:

Joy Isabel D. Pineda

Kharl Marco U.
Nadonza
 OBJECTIVES

01 DEFINE WETHERING AND EROSION.

02 ENUMERATE TYPES OF WETHERING.
03 IDENTIFY FACTORS AFFECTING
WETHERING.
 TOPIC OUTLINES
01INTRODUCTION OF WEATHERING & EROSION.
02 TYPES OF
WEATHERING.
03 AFFECTING THE RATES OF
WEATHERING.
 WEATHERING AND EROSION
Are the natural forces responsible for the shape of our
environment. this process breaks down into smaller pieces called
sediments, there are three types of weathering. once
disintegrated, these sediments will be moved in a process called
Erosion.
Erosion is the process by which soil and rock particles are worn
away and moved elsewhere by wind,water or ice. Weathering
also involves no moving agent of transport.

Weathering is a very slow & steady process which has been taking place
The word erosion comes from a Latin word that means on earth for thousands of years. At times, Weathering can become a very
“to eat away.” rapid procedure as well.

English word weathering comes from Middle English

wederyng Detailed word origin of weathering
EXAMPLES OF EROSION

01 EROSION BY GRAVITY
THIS AGENT MOVES SEDIMENTS
DOWNSLOPES

EROSION BY WIND 02
THIS AGENT MOVES SAND-SIZED
PIECES THROUGH THE AIR

03 EROSION BY WATER
THIS AGENT MOVES MOST SIZES OF
SEDIMENTS AND IS MOST
RESPONSIBLE FOR MANY EROSIONS

EROSION BY GLACIERS 04
THIS AGENT MOVES EXTREMES OF
SIZES FROM LARGEST TO SMALLEST
TYPES OF WEATHERING

M E C H A N I C A L W E AT H E R I N G
DEFINED AS ANY VARIOUS WEATHERING PROCESS THAT CAUSE PHYSICAL
DISINTEGRATION OF EXPOSED ROCK WITHOUT ANY CHANGE IN THE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ROCK.
A SIMPLER DEFINITION IS THE PROCESS WHICH BREAKS LARGER ROCKS INTO
SMALLER PIECES. ALSO KNOWN AS PHYSICAL WEATHERING.

EXAMPLES OF MECHANICAL
W E AT H E R I N G

Ice Wedging/Freeze Thaw 01

OCCURS WHEN WATER CONTINUALLY FLOW INTO CRACKS, FREEZES
AND EXPANDS EVENTUALLY BREAKING THE ROCK APART.

02 ABRASION
OCCURS WHEN ROCKS BUMBS AGAINST ANOTHER ROCK.

EXFOLIATION 03
OCCURS AS CRACKS DEVELOP PARALLEL TO THE LAND SURFACE; A CONSEQUENS OF REDUCED
PRESSURE DURING UPLIFT AND EROSION.
 CHEMICAL WEATHERING
CHEMICAL WEATHERING IS CAUSED BY RAIN WATER REACTING WITH THE
MINERAL GRAINS IN ROCKS TO FORM NEW MINERALS ( CLAYS) AND SOLUBLE
SALTS. THESE REACTIONS OCCUR PARTICULARLY WHEN THE WATER IS SLIGHTLY
ACIDIC.
WHERE DOES IT OCCUR? THESE CHEMICAL PROCESSES NEED WATER, AND
OCCUR MORE RAPIDLY AT HIGHER TEMPERATURE, SO WARM, DAMP
CLIMATES ARE THE BEST. CHEMICAL WEATHERING (ESPECIALLY
HYDROLYSIS AND OXIDATION) IS THE FIRST STAGE IN THE PRODUCTION
OF SOILS.
UNLIKE THE MECHANICAL WEATHERING, CHEMICAL
WEATHERING CHANGES THE COMPOSITION OF THE ROCKS AND
MINERALS DUE TO THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS IT UNDERGO.

SOLUTIONS - REMOVAL OF ROCK IN SOLUTION BY ACIDIC RAINWATER. IN

PARTICULAR, LIMESTONE IS WEATHERED BY RAINWATER CONTAINNG
There are different types of chemical DISSOLVED CO2 (THIS PROCESS IS SOMETIMES CALLED CARBONATION).

weathering, the most important are: HYDROLYSIS - THE BREAKDOWN OF ROCK BY ACIDIC WATER
TO PRODUCE CLAY AND SOLUBLE SALTS.
OXIDATION - THE BREAKDOWN OF ROCK BY OXYGEN AND WATER, OFTEN
GIVING IRON-RICH ROCKS A RUSTY-COLORED WEATHERED SURFACE.
 TYPES OF CHEMICAL WEATHERING
CARBONATION
CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE AIR DISSOLVES IN
RAINWATER AND BECOMES WEAKLY ACIDIC.
THIS WEAK "CARBONIC ACID" IS ABLE TO
DISSOLVE LIMESTONE AS IT SEEPS INTO CRACKS
AND CAVITIES. OVER MANY YEARS, SOLUTION OF
THE ROCK CAN FORM SPECTACULAR CAVE
SYSTEMS.
ACID RAIN
POLLUTING GASE, LIKE SULFUR DIOXIDE AND
NITROGEN OXIDE DISSOLVE IN RAINWATER TO
MAKE STRONGER ACIDS, WHEN THIS RAINWATER
FALLS, WE GET ACID RAIN,
THIS ACID ATTACKS MANY ROCK TYPES, BOTH BY
SOLUTION AND HYDROLYSIS, SERIOUSLY
DAMAGING BUILDINGS AND MONUMENTS.
HYDROLYSIS
HYDROLYSIS TAKES PLACE WHEN
ACID RAIN REACTS WITH ROCK
FORMING MINERALS SUCH AS
FELDSPAR TO PRODUCE CLAY AND
SALTS ARE REMOVED FROM
THE ONLY COMMON ROCK FORMING
SOLUTION.
MINERAL THAT IS NOT AFFECTED IS
QUARTZ, WHICH IS A CHEMICALLY
RESISTED MINERAL . THIS IS WHY
QUARTZ AND CLAY ARE THE MOST
COMMON MINERALS INSEDIMENTARY
ROCKS.
OXIDATION
THIS TAKES PLACE WHEN OXYGEN
BONDS WITH THE CHEMICAL
COMPOUND THUS CHANGING ITS
COMPOSITION. AN EXAMPLEW IS
WHEN OXYGEN BONDS WITH
MINERALS WITH IRON AND CREATING
IRON OXIDE.
SPHEROIDAL WEATHERING
The weird shapes form as water attacks the rock along joints and
cracks, leaving rounded lumps of un- weathered rock.

The iron-rich minerals in the rock have also oxidized to a brown

“rusty” color.

BIOLOGICAL WEATHERING
Trees put down roots through joints or cracks in the rock in order to find moisture.
As the tree grows, the roots gradually prize the rock apart.
Even the tiniest bacteria, algae and lichens produce chemicals that help break
down the rock on which they live, so they can get the nutrients they need.

How do fossils form?

Many animals, such as these Piddockshells, bore into rocks for
protection either by scraping away the grains or secreting acid to
dissolve the rock.
 FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF WEATHERING

01 Rock and Mineral Typenotsomelikerocks are weathering-resistant like igneous rocks while others are
limestone. Same rule applies with minerals.

02 Climate -climate is determined by the amount of precipitation in an area as well as the

temperature on it. Extremes of this causes higher rates of weathering.
 REFERENCES
https://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/thezone/fossils/intro/form.htm

https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Cascade/index.html?
appid=2784efd62c0141deac433a4a31cb9e5c
https://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/thezone/fossils/intro/form.htm

https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Cascade/index.html?
appid=2784efd62c0141deac433a4a31cb9e5c
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THANK YOU!