JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

JSS Campus, Dr. Vishnuvardhan Road, Bangalore – 560060

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

PROJECT FEASIBILITY SEMINAR

2022-2023

Design and development of blood leak detector

for Hemodialysis
Batch No. :47

NAME USN Mobile Number Email id

Smita Reddy 1JS19EC137 8618969030 d1ndonlyammu@gmail.com
Yashaswini S K 1JS19EC163 7019039219 yashuyashaswinisk@gmail.com
Yashu S K 1JS19EC164 9480795506 yashasyashusk@gmail.com
Anushree A C 1JS19EC021 6362255913 anupal2747@gmail.com

Under the guidance of

Mrs.Kavitha M
 Outline
• Introduction
• Literature survey
• Problem statement and objectives
• Methodology
• Hardware and Software specifications
• Plan of execution
• References
 Introduction
• Haemodialysis is a life-saving procedure for patients with
kidney failure, where the blood is circulated through a
machine that filters toxins and excess fluids.
• However, a potential risk associated with haemodialysis is a
blood leak, which can occur when the blood tubing or dialyzer
membrane is damaged, or due to dislodged needle.
• A blood leak can cause significant harm to the patient, such as
hypovolemia, hypertension, and in severe cases leads to death.
• BLD is essential for haemodialysis to detect the leak
immediately and prevent any harm to the patient.
 Literature Survey
Sl.no Author Title Year Inference

1 Kajal S. “Blood Leakage 2018 During haemodialysis when blood leakage

Yedke, Detection System occurs due to venous needle displacement
A.K. Joshi During the sensor can sense leakage of blood and
Haemodialysis ”  differentiate blood and sweat.

2 sathiya devi. “blood leakage 2016
g. s, monitoring system
2a. k. joshi using ir sensor in
hemodialysis therapy”
The sensing part of the sensor will sense
the light changes due to the coloured
absorbent material and the original voltage
signal of the sensor alters accordingly.
Analogue signals is sent to the alert
components through an operational
amplifier in the Bluetooth module and is
converted into digital signals. Finally, the
digital signals can be sent to a monitoring
computer via Bluetooth wireless
transmission. 

3  Nandini Rao “A Study of Optical 2020 A photocell array patch is used to detect
G, Sensor based Methods the smallest quantities of blood leakage in
Meenakshi used for Blood Leak the tube and a warning sent using a
M, Detection During Bluetooth module. They implement the
V K Agrawal Haemodialysis” alarming module of the system using
Bluetooth.
SL.no Author Title Year Inference

4 H. Chuang, C. "The Development of 2020 A combination of absorbent material and photo-

Shih, C. Chou, J. a Blood Leakage
Huang, and C. Wu Monitoring System
for the Applications
in Haemodialysis
Therapy,"
interrupter is used. A small amount of blood gets
absorbed completely by the material and the light
changes are detected by the photo interrupter. They
implement the alarming module of the system using
Bluetooth.

5 Billie Axley, Joan “Venous Needle 2021 Sound and warning light used to alert which present
Speranza-Reid and Dislodgement in in the monitoring device can give a warning
Helen Williams Patients on indication to the health care worker about the blood
haemodialysis” leakage .

6 M. Suresh Kumar, “Blood Leakage 2019 The force sensor unit measures the patient’s status,
V. Vanmathi ,S. Detection During by the pressure made by them. then the patient can
Poornima Self-Dialysis” start their self-dialysis treatment process by
themselves, through Bluetooth connectivity.
Bluetooth can get accessed only when the state
measured by the force sensor unit of the patient is
normal .
Sl.no Author Title Year Inference

7 Syeda “Blood Leakage analysis 2019 detecting the smallest amount of blood in dialysate
Faria during Haemodialysis running at a flow rate of up to 800ml/min and clamps
Javeed, treatment using Image on to the transparent tubes. If blood leakage is
Balakrishn processing “ detected, then we have to set the alarm that gives
a K, light warning that blood leak is detected. If blood
Sheshagiri leakage is not detected, then wait for N seconds and
Jois then the process is repeated. 
8 Jian-Xing “Blood leakage detection 2018 When blood leakage covers the sensing unit, the
Wu, Ping- during dialysis therapy based infrared (IR) light will be interrupted to identify the
Tzan on fog computing with array electrical changes. However, the IR light source is
Huang, photocell sensors and hetero easily affected by moisture/sweat and temperature,
Chia-Hung associative memory model” and the intensity of the scattered IR light will be
Lin, Chien- reduced.
Ming Li
9 Yi-Chun Du Mass flow measurement of 2018 blood leakage monitoring during HD using an array
, Bee-Yen pneumatically conveyed sensing patch. The array sensing patch combined
Lim, Wei- solids using electrical with a mapping circuit and a wireless module could
Siang ciou capacitance tomography measure and transmit risk levels. Experimental
and Ming- results showed that each point of the sensing array
Jui Wu could detect up to 0.1 mL of blood leakage and the
array sensing patch supports a risk level monitoring
system up to 8 h to alert healthcare personnel of
pertinent danger to the patients.
 Problem Statement & Objectives
• Design and development of blood leak detector for Haemodialysis leakage up to
<0.035µl/800ml of blood
• To combine a variety of sensors such as optical sensors with connecting I2C buses
and Arduino for the monitoring of pressure flow and liquid level as well as for
detecting leaks.
• To obtain the real time haemoglobin leakage in the process of dialysis.
• Online monitoring of the patient.
 Methodology
• The system integrates an optical sensor module and an image processing
module. To detect blood leakage in the dialysate tube.

• Once the tube is filled with blood rather than a clear dialysate fluid the
voltage at the receiver drops this is encountered to the control system.

• The presence of blood on the protective gauze of the patient confirms the
blood leak due to needle dislodgement. This is detected using image
processing.

• The images captured by Pi Camera are processed to detect red coloration

using OpenCV.
 Expected Outcome
• This proposed structure can detect a small leakage volume of
0.01–0.028 µm³ with output capacitance change of 0.51–6.7
fF and corresponded output voltage of 4–5.3 mV where in the
present system can only detect at the range of >0.35
µm³/800ml of blood.
• This fluidic sensor could be used in void fraction detection in
medical devices and systems.
 Hardware and Software specifications

Software specifications.
1.Arduino IDE

Hardware specifications.
1. Arduino Uno
2. IR led diode pair
3. Raspberry pi camera
4. Power supply
 Work completed so for
• February 2023
1.Studied about the dialysis machine at industry.
2.Studied about data sheet of the sensor BH1745NUC.

• March 2023
1.Interfacing of the I2C and Arduino.
2.Interfacing of the I2C and sensor.
3.Development of code for the interface of Arduino and sensor.
 Plan for remaining work
• Verifying the circuit with the sensor.
• Verifying the circuit with the sensor and the
diode.
• To compare the results
• Working with the algorithm for the online
monitoring of the patient.
 References
1. Kajal S. Yedke, A.K. Joshi Instrumentation & Control Department MKSSS Cummins College Of

Engineering For Women Karve nagar, Pune. kajal.yedke@gmail.in , atul.joshi@cumminscollege.in

July 5, 2018 “Blood Leakage Detection System During Haemodialysis.

2. sathiya devi. g. s, 2a. k. joshi ,Instrumentation and Control Engineering Department CCOEW Pune E-

mail: gssathiyadevi@gmail.com, atul.joshi@cumminscollege.in “blood leakage monitoring system

using ir sensor in hemodialysis therapy” Aug.-2019

3. Nandini Rao G, Meenakshi M, V K Agrawal, 2020, “A Study of Optical Sensor based Methods used for

Blood Leak Detection During Haemodialysis”, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH

& TECHNOLOGY (IJERT) Volume 09, Issue 06 (June 2020)

4. H. Chuang, C. Shih, C. Chou, J. Huang, and C. Wu, "The Development of a Blood Leakage Monitoring

System for the Applications in Haemodialysis Therapy," in IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 15, no. 3, pp.

1515-1522, March 2020

5. IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1515-1522, March 2020 5. BillieAxley, Joan Speranza-

Reidand Helen Williams, “Venous Needle Dislodgement in Patients on haemodialysis”, 2021

6. Blood Leakage Detection During Self-Dialysis M. Suresh Kumar, V. VanmathiS. Poornima

Department of Information Technology, Sri Sairam Engineering College, Chennai- 600044, Tamil

Nadu 2019

7. Syeda Faria Javeed, Balakrishna K, Sheshagiri Jois, Blood Leakage analysis during Haemodialysis

treatment using Image processing June 2019.

8. Jian-Xing Wu, Ping-Tzan Huang, Chia-Hung Lin, Chien-Ming Li,” Blood leakage detection during

dialysis therapy based on fog computing with array photocell sensors and heteroassociative

memory model”,2018

9. Yi-Chun Du,Bee-Yen Lim, Wei-Siang Ciou 1and Ming-Jui Wu Mass flow measurement of

pneumatically conveyed solids using electrical capacitance tomography. Meas Sci Technol

19:045503 2018
Thank You